Ibn al-Mukhayem: Exclusion and Subjectivity of Palestinian Refugees in the West Bank
Keywords:
Palestine, Refugees, Colonialism, Anthropology, Violence
Abstract
‘The camp’ is a heterogeneity of forms of housing/confinement located in extremely various contexts and managed by dissimilar institutions. The refugee camps are a characteristic place of modernity and impure, exceeding the national order of things. The camp and its inhabitants are a chimera, living matter that escapes the representation of the real as rational: in fluid becoming, crossed by the bodies that shape it but a place where one lives in a state of liminality for uncertain time.
The central question posed by the text revolves around the living conditions of the refugee camp in relation to the 'outside'. Through a comparative ethnography I will try to trace some lines of continuity and discontinuity between the 'inside' and the 'outside' of the space of a refugee camp in the West Bank, in relation to the existential conditions linked to land, expropriation, and living within which the possibilities of discourses, identities, techniques, knowledge and forms of politics are articulated and intersect.
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References
Agamben 1995 = G. Agamben, Homo Sacer, Einaudi, Torino 1995.
Agier 2002 = M. Agier, Between War and City, “Ethnography”, 3, 3, 2002, pp. 317-341.
Agier 2018 = M. Agier, La giungla di Calais, Ombre Corte, Verona 2018.
Angioni 1986 = G. Angioni, Il sapere della mano, Sellerio, Palermo 1986.
Angioni 2011 = G. Angoni, Fare, dire, sentire. L’identico e il diverso nelle culture, Il Maestrale, Nuoro 2011.
Appadurai 2014 = A. Appadurai, Il Futuro come fatto culturale, Raffaele Cortina, Milano 2014.
Arendt 1995 = H. Arendt, Che cos’è la politica?, Einaudi, Torino 1995.
Arendt 2012 = H. Arendt, Vita Activa, Bompiani, Milano 2012.
Awad 2018 = H. Awad, Khan al-Ahmar, “Jerusalem Quarterly”, 76, 2018, pp. 14-23.
Bartolomei 2017 = E. Bartolomei, Dieci comandamenti in una mano e la spade nell’altra, in E. Bartolomei, D. Carminati e A. Tradardi (a cura di), Esclusi, DeriveApprodi, Roma 2017, pp. 15-27.
Basso 2008 = L. Basso, Socialità e isolamento, Carocci, Roma 2008.
Bauman 2002 = Z. Bauman, In the Lowly Nowherevilles of Liquid Modernity, “Ethnography”, 3, 2002, pp. 343-349.
Beneduce 2010 = R. Beneduce, Corpi e saperi indocili, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2010.
Berda 2018 = Y. Berda, Living Emergency: Israel’s Permit Regime in the West Bank, Stanford University Press, Stanford 2018.
Braverman 2008 = I. Braverman, The Tree Is the Enemy Soldier, “Law & Society Review”, 42, 3, 2008, pp. 449-482.
Brandolini, Cipollone, Viviano 2004 = A. Brandolini, P. Cipollone E. Viviano, Does the ILO Definition Capture All Unemployment?, “Journal of the European Economic Association” , 4, 1, 2006, pp. 153-179.
BTS 2017 = The High Command, Breaking the Silence, Tel Aviv 2017.
Butler 2005 = J. Butler, La vita psichica del potere, Meltemi, Roma 2005.
Collins 2017 = J. Collins, Oltre il conflitto, in E. Bartolomei, D. Carminati e A. Tradardi (a cura di), Esclusi, DeriveApprodi, Roma 2017, pp. 100-124.
Cossu 2009 = T. Cossu, L'arca del tiranno, CUEC, Cagliari 2009.
Dabbagh 2005 = N. Dabbagh, Suicide in Palestine, Interlink, Northampton 2005.
Fanon 1976 = F. Fanon, Opere scelte, 2, a cura di G. Pirelli, Einaudi, Torino 1976.
Farsakh 2012 = L. Farsakh, Palestinian Labour Migration to Israel, Routledge, New York 2012.
Farsakh 2015 = L. Farsakh, Apartheid, Israel and Palestinian Statehood, in I. Pappe (a cura di), Israel and South Africa, Zed Books, London 2015, pp. 161-187
Forman 2009 = G. Forman, A Tale of Two Regions, “Law & Social Inquiry”, 34, 3, 2009, pp. 671-711.
Friedmann 1975 = D. Friedmann, The Effect of Foreign Law on the Law of Israel, “Israel Law Review”, 10, 2, 1975, 192-206.
Godelier 1979 = M. Godelier, s.v., Lavoro, in Enciclopedia Einaudi, 8, Einaudi, Torino 1979, pp. 31-82.
Gramsci 1977 = A. Gramsci, Quaderni del carcere, Einaudi, Torino 1977.
Hackl 2017 = A. Hackl, Occupied Labour: The Treadmill of Palestinian Work in Israel, “The New Humanitarian”, 02.08.2017, https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/investigations/2017/08/02/occupied-labour-treadmill-palestinian-work-israel
Haddad 2020 = M. Haddad, Palestine and Israel: Mapping an annexation, “Al-Jazeera”, 26.06.2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/26/palestine-and-israel-mapping-an-annexation/
Heidegger 2015 = M. Heidegger, Essere e Tempo, Longanesi, Milano 2015.
Hilal 2017 = J. Hilal, Ripensare la Palestina, in E. Bartolomei, D. Carminati e A. Tradardi (a cura di), Esclusi, DeriveApprodi, Roma 2017, pp. 182-198.
Lemkin 1944 = R. Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, Lawbook Exchange, Washington D. C. 1944.
Levinson 2011 = C. Levinson, Israel Has 101 Different Types of Permits Governing Palestinian Movement, “Hareetz”, 23.12.2011 https://www.haaretz.com/1.5222134
Lloyd, Wolfe 2017 = D. Lloyd, P. Wolfe, Le logiche del colonialismo di insediamento e il regime neoliberista, in E. Bartolomei, D. Carminati e A. Tradardi (a cura di), Esclusi, DeriveApprodi, Roma 2017, pp. 125-141.
Malkki 1992 = L. H. Malkki, National Geographic, “Cultural Anthropology”, 7, 1, 1992, pp. 24-44.
Marx 1978 = K. Marx, Il capitale, Einaudi, Torino 1978.
Mauss 2017 = M. Mauss, Le tecniche del corpo, Edizioni ETS, Pisa 2017.
Milestin 2010 = M. Milstein, The Challenge of al-Muqawama (Resistance) to Israel, “Strategic Assessment”, 12, 4, 2010, pp. 57-71.
Mitnick 2017 = J. Mitnick, Israel Built a Wall. But Palestinian Laborers Continue to Sneak Through Daily, “Los Angeles Times”, 14.7.2017, https://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-palestinian-workers-israel-20170714-story.html
OCHA 2013 = Life in a “Firing Zone”. The Massafer Yatta Communities, OCHA OPT, Gerusalemme 2013.
Pappé 2008 = I. Pappé, La pulizia etnica della Palestina, Fazi, Roma 2008.
Pappe 2012 = I. Pappe, Shtetl Colonialism, “Settler Colonial Studies”, 2, 1, 2012, pp. 39-58.
Patel 2018 = Y. Patel, Decades-long Battle Continues, as Susiya Braces for More Israeli Demolitions, “MIDDLE EAST EYE”, 17.02.2018 https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/decades-long-battle-continues-susiya-braces-more-israeli-demolitions
PCBS 2019a = Palestinian Labour Force Survey 2018, Annual Report, 2433, PBCS, Gerusalemme 2019.
PBCS 2019b = Population Final Results - Detailed Report Palestine ‒ Population, Housing and Establishments Census 2017, PBCS, 2425, Gerusalemme 2019.
Peteet 2015 = J. Peteet, Camps and Enclaves, “Journal of Refugees Studies”, 29, 2, 2015, pp. 208-228.
Peteet 2017 = J. Peteet, Space and Mobility in Palestine, Indiana University Press, Indianapolis 2017.
Rashed, Short 2012 = H. Rashed, D. Short, Genocide and Settler Colonialism, “The International Journal of Human Rights”, 16, 8, 2012, pp. 1142– 1169.
Rijke, vanTeeffelen 2018 = A. Rijke, T. van Teeffelen, To Exist Is To Resist, “The Jerusalem quarterly”, 59, 2014, pp. 86-99.
Shulz, Hammer 2003 = H. Schulz, J. Hammer, The Palestinian Diaspora, Routledge, Londra 2003.
Sogge 2019 = E. L. Sogge, The Youth of Balata: A Generation of Hopelessness, “Jadaliyya”, 18.11.2019, https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/40236
Tatour 2019 = L. Tatour, The Culturalisation of Indigeneity, “The International Journal of Human Rights”, 23, 10, 2019, pp. 1569-1593.
Tilley 2011 = V. Tilley (a cura di), Beyond Occupation, Pluto Press, Londra 2011.
Turner 1986 = V. Turner, The Anthropology of Experience, University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago 1986.
Turner 2015 = S. Turner, What Is a Refugee Camp?, “Journal of Refugee Studies”, 29, 2, 2015, pp. 139-148.
Veracini 2013 = L. Veracini, The Other Shift, “Journal of Palestine Studies”, 42, 2, 2013, pp. 26-42.
Warnier 2005 = J. Warnier, La cultura Materiale, Meltemi, Roma 2005.
White 2019 = B. White, The Settler Colonial Present, in A. Tartir, T. Seidel (a cura di), Palestine and Rule of Power, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham 2019, pp. 23-45.
Wolfe 2006 = P. Wolfe, Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native, “Journal of Genocide Research”, 8, 4, 2006, pp. 387-409.
Ziyon 2019 = Family Accuses PA of Poisoning Their Son to Death in Prison, “Elder of Ziyon”, 19.08.2018 http://elderofziyon.blogspot.com/2018/08/family-accuses-pa-of-poisoning-their.html
Sitografia
Mayeru Nablus 2018 = Mayeru Nablus,
احمد ناجي الزعبور ابن نابلس مخيم بلاطه, “Youtube”, 13.08.2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZkNtFzkm0c&feature=youtu.be, (ultimo accesso 09.11.2020).
OCHA - Area C = OCHA OPT, https://www.ochaopt.org/location/area-c, (ultimo accesso 17.11.2020).
Uttar/Toubas 2017 = Studio Uttar/Toubas,
من سهرة العريس ضياء مخيم بلاطه / الفنان حسنين المصري وستوديو أوتار / طوباس, 11.07.2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mi1pQMFkidE&feature=youtu.be, (ultimo accesso 15.11.2020).
UN 2008 = United Nations, https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-196200/, (ultimo accesso 15.11.2020).
Unesco 1995 = Israeli-Palestinian on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip Washington D.C., September 28, 1995, https://unsco.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/israeli-palestinian_interim_agreement_on_the_west_bank_and_the_gaza_strip.pdf, (ultimo accesso 13.11.2020).
UNRWA FC = United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/fawwar-camp, (ultimo accesso 10.11.2020).
YOS FB = Facebook, https://www.facebook.com/youthofsumud/, (ultimo accesso 13.11.2020).
Filmografia
Abu-Assad 2013 = H. Abu-Assad, Omar, ZBROS, Palestina 2013 (98 minuti).
Agier 2002 = M. Agier, Between War and City, “Ethnography”, 3, 3, 2002, pp. 317-341.
Agier 2018 = M. Agier, La giungla di Calais, Ombre Corte, Verona 2018.
Angioni 1986 = G. Angioni, Il sapere della mano, Sellerio, Palermo 1986.
Angioni 2011 = G. Angoni, Fare, dire, sentire. L’identico e il diverso nelle culture, Il Maestrale, Nuoro 2011.
Appadurai 2014 = A. Appadurai, Il Futuro come fatto culturale, Raffaele Cortina, Milano 2014.
Arendt 1995 = H. Arendt, Che cos’è la politica?, Einaudi, Torino 1995.
Arendt 2012 = H. Arendt, Vita Activa, Bompiani, Milano 2012.
Awad 2018 = H. Awad, Khan al-Ahmar, “Jerusalem Quarterly”, 76, 2018, pp. 14-23.
Bartolomei 2017 = E. Bartolomei, Dieci comandamenti in una mano e la spade nell’altra, in E. Bartolomei, D. Carminati e A. Tradardi (a cura di), Esclusi, DeriveApprodi, Roma 2017, pp. 15-27.
Basso 2008 = L. Basso, Socialità e isolamento, Carocci, Roma 2008.
Bauman 2002 = Z. Bauman, In the Lowly Nowherevilles of Liquid Modernity, “Ethnography”, 3, 2002, pp. 343-349.
Beneduce 2010 = R. Beneduce, Corpi e saperi indocili, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2010.
Berda 2018 = Y. Berda, Living Emergency: Israel’s Permit Regime in the West Bank, Stanford University Press, Stanford 2018.
Braverman 2008 = I. Braverman, The Tree Is the Enemy Soldier, “Law & Society Review”, 42, 3, 2008, pp. 449-482.
Brandolini, Cipollone, Viviano 2004 = A. Brandolini, P. Cipollone E. Viviano, Does the ILO Definition Capture All Unemployment?, “Journal of the European Economic Association” , 4, 1, 2006, pp. 153-179.
BTS 2017 = The High Command, Breaking the Silence, Tel Aviv 2017.
Butler 2005 = J. Butler, La vita psichica del potere, Meltemi, Roma 2005.
Collins 2017 = J. Collins, Oltre il conflitto, in E. Bartolomei, D. Carminati e A. Tradardi (a cura di), Esclusi, DeriveApprodi, Roma 2017, pp. 100-124.
Cossu 2009 = T. Cossu, L'arca del tiranno, CUEC, Cagliari 2009.
Dabbagh 2005 = N. Dabbagh, Suicide in Palestine, Interlink, Northampton 2005.
Fanon 1976 = F. Fanon, Opere scelte, 2, a cura di G. Pirelli, Einaudi, Torino 1976.
Farsakh 2012 = L. Farsakh, Palestinian Labour Migration to Israel, Routledge, New York 2012.
Farsakh 2015 = L. Farsakh, Apartheid, Israel and Palestinian Statehood, in I. Pappe (a cura di), Israel and South Africa, Zed Books, London 2015, pp. 161-187
Forman 2009 = G. Forman, A Tale of Two Regions, “Law & Social Inquiry”, 34, 3, 2009, pp. 671-711.
Friedmann 1975 = D. Friedmann, The Effect of Foreign Law on the Law of Israel, “Israel Law Review”, 10, 2, 1975, 192-206.
Godelier 1979 = M. Godelier, s.v., Lavoro, in Enciclopedia Einaudi, 8, Einaudi, Torino 1979, pp. 31-82.
Gramsci 1977 = A. Gramsci, Quaderni del carcere, Einaudi, Torino 1977.
Hackl 2017 = A. Hackl, Occupied Labour: The Treadmill of Palestinian Work in Israel, “The New Humanitarian”, 02.08.2017, https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/investigations/2017/08/02/occupied-labour-treadmill-palestinian-work-israel
Haddad 2020 = M. Haddad, Palestine and Israel: Mapping an annexation, “Al-Jazeera”, 26.06.2020, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/26/palestine-and-israel-mapping-an-annexation/
Heidegger 2015 = M. Heidegger, Essere e Tempo, Longanesi, Milano 2015.
Hilal 2017 = J. Hilal, Ripensare la Palestina, in E. Bartolomei, D. Carminati e A. Tradardi (a cura di), Esclusi, DeriveApprodi, Roma 2017, pp. 182-198.
Lemkin 1944 = R. Lemkin, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, Lawbook Exchange, Washington D. C. 1944.
Levinson 2011 = C. Levinson, Israel Has 101 Different Types of Permits Governing Palestinian Movement, “Hareetz”, 23.12.2011 https://www.haaretz.com/1.5222134
Lloyd, Wolfe 2017 = D. Lloyd, P. Wolfe, Le logiche del colonialismo di insediamento e il regime neoliberista, in E. Bartolomei, D. Carminati e A. Tradardi (a cura di), Esclusi, DeriveApprodi, Roma 2017, pp. 125-141.
Malkki 1992 = L. H. Malkki, National Geographic, “Cultural Anthropology”, 7, 1, 1992, pp. 24-44.
Marx 1978 = K. Marx, Il capitale, Einaudi, Torino 1978.
Mauss 2017 = M. Mauss, Le tecniche del corpo, Edizioni ETS, Pisa 2017.
Milestin 2010 = M. Milstein, The Challenge of al-Muqawama (Resistance) to Israel, “Strategic Assessment”, 12, 4, 2010, pp. 57-71.
Mitnick 2017 = J. Mitnick, Israel Built a Wall. But Palestinian Laborers Continue to Sneak Through Daily, “Los Angeles Times”, 14.7.2017, https://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-palestinian-workers-israel-20170714-story.html
OCHA 2013 = Life in a “Firing Zone”. The Massafer Yatta Communities, OCHA OPT, Gerusalemme 2013.
Pappé 2008 = I. Pappé, La pulizia etnica della Palestina, Fazi, Roma 2008.
Pappe 2012 = I. Pappe, Shtetl Colonialism, “Settler Colonial Studies”, 2, 1, 2012, pp. 39-58.
Patel 2018 = Y. Patel, Decades-long Battle Continues, as Susiya Braces for More Israeli Demolitions, “MIDDLE EAST EYE”, 17.02.2018 https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/decades-long-battle-continues-susiya-braces-more-israeli-demolitions
PCBS 2019a = Palestinian Labour Force Survey 2018, Annual Report, 2433, PBCS, Gerusalemme 2019.
PBCS 2019b = Population Final Results - Detailed Report Palestine ‒ Population, Housing and Establishments Census 2017, PBCS, 2425, Gerusalemme 2019.
Peteet 2015 = J. Peteet, Camps and Enclaves, “Journal of Refugees Studies”, 29, 2, 2015, pp. 208-228.
Peteet 2017 = J. Peteet, Space and Mobility in Palestine, Indiana University Press, Indianapolis 2017.
Rashed, Short 2012 = H. Rashed, D. Short, Genocide and Settler Colonialism, “The International Journal of Human Rights”, 16, 8, 2012, pp. 1142– 1169.
Rijke, vanTeeffelen 2018 = A. Rijke, T. van Teeffelen, To Exist Is To Resist, “The Jerusalem quarterly”, 59, 2014, pp. 86-99.
Shulz, Hammer 2003 = H. Schulz, J. Hammer, The Palestinian Diaspora, Routledge, Londra 2003.
Sogge 2019 = E. L. Sogge, The Youth of Balata: A Generation of Hopelessness, “Jadaliyya”, 18.11.2019, https://www.jadaliyya.com/Details/40236
Tatour 2019 = L. Tatour, The Culturalisation of Indigeneity, “The International Journal of Human Rights”, 23, 10, 2019, pp. 1569-1593.
Tilley 2011 = V. Tilley (a cura di), Beyond Occupation, Pluto Press, Londra 2011.
Turner 1986 = V. Turner, The Anthropology of Experience, University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago 1986.
Turner 2015 = S. Turner, What Is a Refugee Camp?, “Journal of Refugee Studies”, 29, 2, 2015, pp. 139-148.
Veracini 2013 = L. Veracini, The Other Shift, “Journal of Palestine Studies”, 42, 2, 2013, pp. 26-42.
Warnier 2005 = J. Warnier, La cultura Materiale, Meltemi, Roma 2005.
White 2019 = B. White, The Settler Colonial Present, in A. Tartir, T. Seidel (a cura di), Palestine and Rule of Power, Palgrave Macmillan, Cham 2019, pp. 23-45.
Wolfe 2006 = P. Wolfe, Settler Colonialism and the Elimination of the Native, “Journal of Genocide Research”, 8, 4, 2006, pp. 387-409.
Ziyon 2019 = Family Accuses PA of Poisoning Their Son to Death in Prison, “Elder of Ziyon”, 19.08.2018 http://elderofziyon.blogspot.com/2018/08/family-accuses-pa-of-poisoning-their.html
Sitografia
Mayeru Nablus 2018 = Mayeru Nablus,
احمد ناجي الزعبور ابن نابلس مخيم بلاطه, “Youtube”, 13.08.2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZkNtFzkm0c&feature=youtu.be, (ultimo accesso 09.11.2020).
OCHA - Area C = OCHA OPT, https://www.ochaopt.org/location/area-c, (ultimo accesso 17.11.2020).
Uttar/Toubas 2017 = Studio Uttar/Toubas,
من سهرة العريس ضياء مخيم بلاطه / الفنان حسنين المصري وستوديو أوتار / طوباس, 11.07.2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mi1pQMFkidE&feature=youtu.be, (ultimo accesso 15.11.2020).
UN 2008 = United Nations, https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-196200/, (ultimo accesso 15.11.2020).
Unesco 1995 = Israeli-Palestinian on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip Washington D.C., September 28, 1995, https://unsco.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/israeli-palestinian_interim_agreement_on_the_west_bank_and_the_gaza_strip.pdf, (ultimo accesso 13.11.2020).
UNRWA FC = United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, https://www.unrwa.org/where-we-work/west-bank/fawwar-camp, (ultimo accesso 10.11.2020).
YOS FB = Facebook, https://www.facebook.com/youthofsumud/, (ultimo accesso 13.11.2020).
Filmografia
Abu-Assad 2013 = H. Abu-Assad, Omar, ZBROS, Palestina 2013 (98 minuti).
Published
2020-12-30
How to Cite
Ferino, M. (2020). Ibn al-Mukhayem: Exclusion and Subjectivity of Palestinian Refugees in the West Bank. Medea, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.13125/medea-4422
Section
Argonauts
Copyright (c) 2020 Mattia Ferino
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