The mysterious plowshare ordeal (phāladivya). A note on Yājñavalkya-smṛti II, 100
Keywords:
Indian law, Ordeals, Plowshare ordeal, Dharmaśāstra, Smṛti
Abstract
This paper focuses on the plowshare ordeal (phāladivya), the eighth ordeal to be discussed in the Smṛtis. Although the information about its procedure is scarce, I analyze all the textual sources about the phāla ordeal, coming from the tradition of Dharmaśāstra (Yājñavalkya-, Bṛhaspati-, Pitāmaha-smṛti, and Raghunandana’s Divyatattva) and from that of Purāṇas (Viṣṇudharmottara-purāṇa and Kumārikā-khaṇḍa). After considering the sources related to it, I try to demonstrate that the first mention of the phāla ordeal, found in Yājñavalkya-smṛti II, 100, is a later addition to the original core of the text.
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References
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Lariviere, Richard W. (1985), ‘A compilation of Pitāmaha verses found in two manuscripts from Nepal’, Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik 10, 103-132.
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Olivelle, Patrick (2015), A Sanskrit Dictionary of Law and Statecraft, Delhi, Primus Books.
Olivelle, Patrick (ed.) (2019), Yājñavalkya. A treatise of dharma, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Pendse, Sudhakar Narhari (1974), Oaths and ordeals in Dharmaśāstra, Baroda, University of Baroda ‘Maharaja Savajirao’, PhD dissertation.
Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli (1953), The Principal Upaniṣads. Edited with introduction, text, translation and notes, London, George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
Rocher, Ludo (1986), The Purāṇas, Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz.
Rocher, Ludo (2012), Studies in Hindu Law and Dharmasastra, ed. with an introduction by Donald R. Davis, London, Anthem.
Sternbach, Ludwik (1974), The Mānava Dharmaśāstra I-III and the Bhaviṣya Purāṇa, Varanasi, All India Kashi Raj Trust.
Tagare, Ganesh Vasudeo (ed.) (1993), The Skanda-purāṇa. Part II, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited.
Banerjee, S. C. (1978), ‘Vyavahāra portion of the Agni-purāṇa’, Purāṇa 20 (1), 38-56.
Chaudhuri, S. B.; Banerjee, S. C. (1930), ‘The Garuḍa-Purāṇa’, Indian Historical Quarterly 6, 553-560.
Davis, Donald R. Jr. (2018), ‘History of the Reception of Dharmaśāstra’, in Olivelle, Patrick; Davis, Donald R. Jr. (eds.), Hindu Law. A New History of Dharmaśāstra, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 371-382.
Desai, Gunvantrai Jagdishbhai (1978), Critical and cultural study of Kaumārikā-khaṇḍa (Cultural study), Baroda, University of Baroda ‘Maharaja Savajirao’, PhD dissertation.
De Simini, Florinda (2020), ‘Navigating the Ocean of Dharma: The Composition of Sanskrit Scriptural Digests in the Dharmaśāstra and Śaiva Siddhānta Traditions’, Journal of Abbasid Studies 7, 264-287.
Edgerton, Franklin (1915), ‘Studies in the Veda’, Journal of the American Oriental Society 35, 240-246.
Fleet, John Faithfull (1870), ‘Some Further Inscriptions relating to the Kādamba Kings of Goa’, Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 9, 262-313.
Hazra, Rajendra Chandra (1972) [1940], Studies in Purāṇic Records on Hindu rites and costums, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass.
Hazra, Rajendra Chandra (1958), Studies in the Upapurāṇas. Volume I (Śaura and Vaiṣṇava Upapurāṇas), Calcutta, Sanskrit College.
Inden, Ronald (2000), ‘Imperial Purāṇas: Kashmir as Vaisnava Center of the World’, in Inden, Ronald; Walters, Jonathan; Daud, Ali (eds.), Querying the Medieval. Texts and the History of Practices in South Asia, New York, Oxford University Press, 29-98.
Jolly, Julius (ed.) (1885), The Institutes of Nārada together with copious extracts from the Nāradabhāṣya of Asahāya and other standard commentaries, Calcutta, Asiatic Society.
Kane, Pandurang Vaman (1930), History of Dharmaśāstra. Volume I, Poona, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.
Kane, Pandurang Vaman (1946), History of Dharmaśāstra. Volume III, Poona, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.
Lariviere, Richard W. (1984), ‘An institution designed to control potential abuses of ordeals in Classical Hindu Law: the Śiraḥ’, Journal of the Oriental Institute 34, 35-39.
Lariviere, Richard W. (1985), ‘A compilation of Pitāmaha verses found in two manuscripts from Nepal’, Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik 10, 103-132.
Laszlo, Franz (1971), Die Parallelversion der Manusmṛti im Bhaviṣya-purāṇa, Wiesbaden, Steiner Verlag.
Lingat, Robert (1973), The Classical Law of India, Derrett, J. Duncan M. (trans.), Berkeley, University of California Press.
Losch Hans (1927), Die Yājñavalkyasmṛti. Ein Beitrag zur Quellenkunde des indischen Rechts, Leipzig, Otto Harrassowitz.
Mandlik, Visvanath Narayan (1880), The Vyavahāra Mayūkha, Bombay, Education Society Press.
Mehta, R. N. (1965), ‘Kaumārikā-khaṇḍa. A Study’, Journal of the Maharaja Sayajirao university of Baroda 14, 39-48.
Meyer, Johann Jakob (1927), Über das Wesen der altindischen Rechtsschriften und ihr Verhältnis zueinander und zu Kauṭilya, Leipzig, Otto Harrassowitz.
Moreas, George M. (1931), The Kadamba Kula. A History of Ancient and Mediaeval Karnataka, Bombay, B. X. Furtado and Sons.
Olivelle, Patrick (2010), ‘Dharmaśāstra: a textual history’, in Lubin, Timothy; Davis, Donald R. Jr.; Krishnan, Jayanth K. (eds.), Hinduism and Law. An Introduction, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 28-57.
Olivelle, Patrick (2015), A Sanskrit Dictionary of Law and Statecraft, Delhi, Primus Books.
Olivelle, Patrick (ed.) (2019), Yājñavalkya. A treatise of dharma, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Pendse, Sudhakar Narhari (1974), Oaths and ordeals in Dharmaśāstra, Baroda, University of Baroda ‘Maharaja Savajirao’, PhD dissertation.
Radhakrishnan, Sarvepalli (1953), The Principal Upaniṣads. Edited with introduction, text, translation and notes, London, George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
Rocher, Ludo (1986), The Purāṇas, Wiesbaden, Otto Harrassowitz.
Rocher, Ludo (2012), Studies in Hindu Law and Dharmasastra, ed. with an introduction by Donald R. Davis, London, Anthem.
Sternbach, Ludwik (1974), The Mānava Dharmaśāstra I-III and the Bhaviṣya Purāṇa, Varanasi, All India Kashi Raj Trust.
Tagare, Ganesh Vasudeo (ed.) (1993), The Skanda-purāṇa. Part II, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited.
Published
2022-12-31
How to Cite
Giudice, A. (2022). The mysterious plowshare ordeal (phāladivya). A note on Yājñavalkya-smṛti II, 100. Rhesis. International Journal of Linguistics, Philology and Literature, 13(1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.13125/rhesis/5704
Section
Articoli
