«Move along these shades in gentleness of heart». William Wordsworth, Ecological Empathy, and a Reading of “Nutting”
Abstract
The aim of this article is to investigate William Wordsworth’s poetics by employing an ecocritical lens that gives due consideration to a complex of significant elements and factors, from the author’s mental growth and proto-ecological awareness to his place-rooted imagination and environmental commitment. Space is devoted to an analysis of Wordsworth’s intimate connection with the Lake District, as well as to pertinent qualities of his Nature poetry, with a careful eye toward landmark studies in Literary Ecology and how they have assessed the Romantic artist’s intellectual and creative production. A close reading of “Nutting”, a short but emblematic narrative poem published in the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads (1800), will bring these aspects to light with powerful allegorical resonance. The reading will also facilitate reflection on human/non-human interactions, a state of holistic and healthy cohabitation, eco-caring practices, and the awakening of an ecospiritual consciousness.
Downloads
References
Bate, Jonathan, Romantic Ecology: Wordsworth and the Environmental Tradition, London - New York, Routledge, 1991.
Bate, Jonathan, Radical Wordsworth: The Poet Who Changed the World, London, Collins, 2020.
Bergren, Katherine, The Global Wordsworth: Romanticism Out of Place, Lewisburg, Bucknell University Press, 2019.
Carroll, Alicia, “Small Is Beautiful: Rethinking Localism from Wordsworth to Eliot”, Romantic Ecocriticism: Origins and Legacies, Ed. Dewey W. Hall, Lanham (MD), Lexington Books, 2016: 209-232. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978731653.ch-014
Castellano, Katey, The Ecology of British Romantic Conservatism, 1790-1837, Basingstoke - New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
Dale, Peter - Yen, Brandon C., Versed in Living Nature: Wordsworth’s Trees, London, Reaktion Books, 2022.
Engh, Catherine, “Wordsworth, Ecocriticism, and Natural Education”, European Romantic Review, 34.6 (2023): 673-687. https://doi.org/10.1080/10509585.2023.2272895
Gill, Stephen, William Wordsworth: A Life (1989), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2020.
Hall, Dewey W., Romantic Naturalists, Early Environmentalists: An Ecocritical Study, 1789-1912, Farnham, Ashgate, 2014.
Haraway, Donna J., Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene, Durham (NC), Duke University Press, 2016.
Hartman, Geoffrey H., “Retrospect 1971”, Wordsworth’s Poetry: 1787-1814 (1964), New Haven - London, Yale University Press, 1971: xi-xx.
Heinzelman, Kurt, “Millenarial Poetics: Wordsworth’s ‘Nutting’”, Raritan, 19.4 (2000): 148-158.
Hess, Scott, William Wordsworth and the Ecology of Authorship: The Roots of Environmentalism in Nineteenth-Century Culture, Charlottesville - London, University of Virginia Press, 2012.
Jacobus, Mary, “Touching Things: ‘Nutting’ and the Standing of Trees”, Romantic Things: A Tree, a Rock, a Cloud, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2012: 61-78. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226390680.003.0004
Joplin, David D., “The Deep Ecology of ‘Nutting’: Wordsworth’s Reaction to Milton’s Anthropocentrism”, English Language Notes, 35.2 (1997): 18‑27.
Klein, Amelia, “The Poetics of Susceptibility: Wordsworth and Ecological Thought”, Studies in Romanticism, 58.1 (2019): 105-128. https://doi.org/10.1353/srm.2019.0004
Kroeber, Karl, “’Home at Grasmere’: Ecological Holiness”, PMLA, 89.1 (1974): 132-141. https://doi.org/10.2307/461676
Lacey, Norman, Wordsworth’s View of Nature and its Ethical Consequences (1948), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Neumann, Crystal, Whispers of the Wild: Unlocking the Secret Language of Plants, Bloomington (IN), Balboa Press, 2025.
Neveldine, Robert Burns, “Wordsworth’s ‘Nutting’ and the Violent End of Reading”, English Literary History, 63.3 (1996): 657-680. https://doi.org/10.1353/elh.1996.0029
Ottum, Lisa, “On (Not) Hugging Trees: Affect, Emotion, and Ecology in Wordsworth’s ‘Nutting’”, Interdisciplinary Literary Studies: A Journal of Criticism and Theory, 18.2 (2016): 257-281. https://doi.org/10.5325/intelitestud.18.2.0257
Ottum, Lisa - Reno, Seth T., “Introduction: Recovering Ecology’s Affects”, Wordsworth and the Green Romantics: Affect and Ecology in the Nineteenth Century, Eds. Lisa Ottum - Seth T. Reno, Durham (NH), University of New Hampshire Press, 2016: 1-27.
Pipkin, James W., “Wordsworth’s ‘Nutting’ and Rites of Initiation”, Interpretations, 10.1 (1978): 11-19.
Potkay, Adam, “Wordsworth’s Ethical Thinking”, The Oxford Handbook of William Wordsworth, Eds. Richard Gravil - Daniel Robinson, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015: 679-692. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662128.013.0042
Reno, Seth T., “Rethinking the Romantics’ Love of Nature”, Wordsworth and the Green Romantics: Affect and Ecology in the Nineteenth Century, Eds. Lisa Ottum - Seth T. Reno, Durham (NH), University of New Hampshire Press, 2016: 28-58.
Rigby, Kate, “Sympoesie. Potentiation, Conviviality and Collaboration in Romantic Ecopoetics”, Romantische Ökologien: Vielfältige Naturen um 1800, Eds. Roland Borgards - Frederike Middelhoff - Barbara Thums, Berlin - Heidelberg, J.B. Metzler, 2023: 207-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67186-3_10
Righetti, Angelo, Note a “Nutting”, Poems / Poesie (1798-1807), Ed. and It. tr. Angelo Righetti, Milano, Mursia, 2016: 191-194.
Robinson, Daniel, William Wordsworth’s Poetry: A Reader’s Guide, London - New York, Continuum, 2010.
Tong, Joanne C., “«A Spirit in the Woods»: Hegelian Aesthetics and Wordsworth’s ‘Nutting’”, English Language Notes, 43.2 (2005): 102-115. https://doi.org/10.1215/00138282-43.2.102
Wheeler, Wendy, “«Tongues I’ll Hang on Every Tree»: Biosemiotics and the Book of Nature”, The Cambridge Companion to Literature and the Environment, Ed. Louise Westling, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2014: 121-135. https://doi.org/10.1017/CCO9781139342728.012
Wordsworth, William, “Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1800)”, Prefaces and Prologues to Famous Books, with Introductions and Notes, Ed. Charles W. Eliot, The Harvard Classics, Vol. 39, New York, P.F. Collier and Son Corporation, 1910: 269-291.
Wordsworth, William, “Nutting” (1800), Poems / Poesie (1798-1807), Ed. and It. tr. Angelo Righetti, Milano, Mursia, 2016: 86-91.
Worthen, John, The Life of William Wordsworth: A Critical Biography, Malden (MA) - Oxford, John Wiley & Sons, 2014.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laura Giovannelli

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright Notice
You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, and to adapt the work. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).






