«There must be darkness to see the stars»: How contemporary women writers have been queering the way to mixtopic world-making
Abstract
Focussing on a number of literary works in English(es), this article intends to show how contemporary women writers have been enacting the disruption of the polarity not only between the fantastic and the real but also between apocalyptic scenarios and the utopistic urge of subgenres like solarpunk. By embracing the concept of mixtopia, as proposed by Giuliana Misserville, I will thus attempt to prove how, in a world ravaged by climate change and shaped by A.I., several women writers bring to the fore the relevance of a technocritical approach in form and content, queering the material-semiotic nature of sci-fi itself, originally a male-dominated genre, and now a wild land of uncharted territories, full of eco-aware possibilities.
Downloads
References
Alderman, Naomi. The Power: A historical novel [2016], Penguin Books, London, 2017.
Anders, Charlie Jane, The City in the Middle of the Night, Tor Books, New York, 2019.
Atwood, Margaret, The Handmaid’s Tale [1985], Random UK, London, 2000.
Atwood, Margaret, The Year of the Flood [2009], Knopf Doubleday, New York, 2010.
Atwood, Margaret, Old Babes in the Woods, Chatto & Windus, London, 2023.
Butler, Octavia E., Kindred [1979], Beacon Press, Boston, 1988.
Butler, Octavia E., Parable of the Sower, Warner Books, New York, 1993.
Butler, Octavia E., Parable of the Talents, Warner Books, New York, 1998.
Callenbach, Ernest, The Complete Ecotopia [1975], Heydey, Berkeley, 2021.
Emezi, Akwaeke, Freshwater, Grove Atlantic, New York, 2018.
Kimberling, Nicole and Hope, J.D., (eds.) Irregulars: A Shared-world Anthology, Blind Eye Books, Bellingham, 2012.
Le Guin, Ursula K., “A Left-Handed Commencement Address”, AmericanRhetoric, 22 December 1983, https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ursulakleguinlefthandedcommencementspeech.htm (last accessed 10/06/2023)
Le Guin, Ursula K., “The Year of the Flood by Margaret Atwood. Margaret Atwood doesn’t think she writes sci-fi. Ursula K. Le Guin would like to disagree”, The Guardian, 29 August 2009, https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/aug/29/margaret-atwood-year-of-flood (last accessed 13/06/2023).
Le Guin, Ursula K., The Farthest Shore, Simon and Schuster, New York, 2012.
Le Guin, Ursula K., The Left Hand of Darkness, Gollancz, London, 2017.
Lodi-Ribeiro, Gerson, (ed.), Solarpunk: Ecological and Fantastical Stories in a Sustainable World, World Weaver Press, 2018.
Piercy, Marge, Woman On the Edge of Time, Fawcett Crest, USA, 1976.
Ricciardiello, Franco, (ed.), Assalto al sole, Delos Digital, Milan, 2020.
Robinson, Kim Stanley, The Ministry for the Future, Orbit E-books, 2020.
Treves, Silvia and Mortillaro, Caterina (eds.), DiverGender, Delos Digital, Milan, 2019.
VanderMeer, Ann & Jeff, (eds.), Sisters of the Revolution: A Feminist Speculative Fiction Anthology, PM Press, Binghamton, 2015.
Winterson, Jeanette, The Passion, Atlantic Monthly Press, New York, 1987.
Winterson, Jeanette, Sexing the Cherry [1989], Random UK, London, 2017.
Winterson, Jeanette, Written on the Body [1992], Random UK, London, 2009.
Winterson, Jeanette, The PowerBook [2003], Vintage, London, 2014.
Winterson, Jeanette, The Stone Gods [2007], Penguin Books, London, 2008.
Winterson, Jeanette, Frankissstein: A Love Story, Vintage, London, 2019.
Secondary sources
Abbate, Giulia, “Trionfano nuove eroine, guaritrici della specie”, Leggendaria 143 (2020): 14-15.
Antosa, Silvia, “Introduction”, Queer Crossings: Theories, Bodies, Ed. Silvia Antosa, Mimesis, Milan, 2012: 7-14.
Atwood, Margaret, In Other Worlds: SF and the Human Imagination, Virago Press, London, 2012.
Baccolini, Raffaella and Moylan, Tom. “Dystopia and Histories”, Dark Horizons. Science Fiction and the Dystopian Imagination, Eds. Raffaella Baccolini and Tom Moylan, Routledge, New York-London, 2003.
Braidotti, Rosi, Nomadic Subjects: Embodiment and Sexual Difference in Contemporary Feminist Theory, Columbia University Press, New York, 2011.
Butler, Octavia E., “A Few Rules for Predicting the Future”, Essence (May 2000): 165-166.
Calvin, Ritch, “Queer SF”, The Routledge Companion to Gender and Sci-fi, Eds. Lisa Yaszek, Sonja Fritzsche et al., Routledge, London-New York, 2023: 49-56.
Camus, Albert, The Rebel: An Essay on Man in Revolt, Vintage, London, 1984.
Carson, Rachel, Silent Spring [1962], Mariner Books Classics, Boston, 2022.
Caruso, Antonia, LGBTQIA+: Mantenere la complessità, Eris Ed., Turin, 2022.
Crenshaw, Kimberlé, “Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics”, University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1 (1989): 139-167.
Crutzen, Paul J. and Stoermer, Eugene F., “The ‘Anthropocene’”, Global Change Newsletter, 41 (2000): 17-18.
Curti, Lidia, Female Stories, Female Bodies: Narrative, Identity and Representation, Macmillan Press, London, 1998.
Del Villano, Bianca, “Pragmatica e genere: la ustopia ecocritica di Margaret Atwood”, Prospero. Rivista di letterature e culture straniere 22 (2017), EUT Edizioni, Trieste: 185-210.
Deleuze, Gilles and Guattari, Félix, A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, Athlone, London, 1988.
Esposito, Roberto, Communitas: The Origin and Destiny of Community, Stanford University Press, Stanford (California), 2010.
Fasoli, Annachiara, “La differenza di Haraway: La spaccatura nel dibattito femminista”, Etica & Politica / Ethics & Politics 33.1 (2021): 565-588.
Ferrando, Francesca, Philosophical Posthumanism, Bloomsbury, London, 2019.
Ferrante, Antonia Anna, Cosa può un compost: Fare con le ecologie femministe e queer, Luca Sossella Ed., Venice, 2022.
Frazier, Chelsea M., “Troubling Ecology: Wangechi, Octavia Butler, and Black Feminist Interventions in Environmentalism”, Critical Ethnic Studies 2.1 (2016): 40-72.
Gore, Al, An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It, Rodale, Emmaus, 2006.
Haraway, Donna J., When Species Meet, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2008.
Haraway, Donna J., Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene, Duke University Press, Durham-London, 2016.
Haraway, Donna J., “Making Kin in the Chthulucene: Reproducing Multispecies Justice”, Making Kin, Not Population: Reconceiving Generations, Eds. Donna J. Haraway and Adele E. Clarke, Prickly Paradigm Press, Chicago, 2018. Jagose, Annamarie, (1995) Queer Theory: An Introduction, NYU Press, New York, 2005.
Larbalestier, Justine, The Battle of the Sexes in Sci-fi, Wesleyan University Press, Middletown, 2002.
Lindenmeyer, Antje, “Postmodern Concepts of the Body in Jeanette Winterson’s Written on the Body”, Feminist Review: Negotiations and Resistances 63, Sage Publications, New York, 1999: 48-63.
Lucas, Julian, “How Samuel R. Delany Reimagined Sci-Fi, Sex, and the City”, The New Yorker, 3 July 2023, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/07/10/samuel-r-delany-profile (last accessed 01/03/2024).
MacCormack, Patricia, The Ahuman Manifesto: Activism for the End of the Anthropocene, Bloomsbury Academic, London, 2020.
Magaqa, Tina and Makombe, Rodwell, “Decolonising Queer Sexualities: A Critical Reading of the Ogbanjie Concept in Akwaeke Emezi’s Freshwater (2018)”, African Studies Quarterly 20.3 (2021): 24-39.
Micali, Simona, Towards a Posthuman Imagination in Literature and Media: Monsters, Mutants, Aliens, Artificial Beings, Peter Lang, Oxford, 2019.
Misserville, Giuliana, “Chiamiamola Mixtopia”, Leggendaria 143 (2020-a): 7-9.
Misserville, Giuliana, Donne e Fantastico: Narrativa oltre i generi, Mimesis, Milan, 2020-b.
Misserville, Giuliana, “Fuori dalle riserve, per nuovi immaginari”, Leggendaria 159 (2023-a): 5-7.
Misserville, Giuliana, “Città future e solarpunk. Incontro con Giulia Abbate”, La mano sinistra, 1 April 2023-b, https://podtail.com/podcast/la-mano-sinistra/citta-future-e-solarpunk-incontro-con-giulia-abbat/ (last accessed 15/06/2023).
Misserville, Giuliana, “Climate fiction. Incontro con Franco Ricciardiello”, La mano sinistra, 17 May 2023-c, https://podtail.com/podcast/la-mano-sinistra/climate-fiction-incontro-con-franco-ricciardiello/ (last accessed 17/06/2023).
Pearson, Wendy Gay, “Towards a Queer Genealogy”, Queer Universes Sexualities in Sci-fi, Eds. Wendy Gay Pearson, Veronica Hollinger et al., Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, 2008: 72-100.
Pitch, Tamar, “Sul disegno di legge Zan”, Studi sulla questione criminale online, 6 May 2021, https://studiquestionecriminale.wordpress.com/2021/05/06/sul-disegno-di-legge-zan/ (last accessed 19/06/2023).
Preciado, Paul Beatriz, Testo Junkie: Sex, Drugs, and Biopolitics in the Pharmacopornographic Era, The Feminist Press at NY City University, New York, 2013.
Pugno, Laura, In territorio selvaggio: Corpo, romanzo, comunità, nottetempo, Milan, 2018.
Raso, Andrea, “Towards Non-binary Science Fiction: Naomi Alderman’s The Power athwart Difference Feminism”, de genere - Rivista di studi letterari, postcoloniali e di genere, 9 (2023): 65-84, https://www.degenere-journal.it/index.php/degenere/article/view/185.
Rowell, Charles H., “An Interview with Octavia E. Butler”, Callaloo, 20.1 (1997): 47-66.
Shahnavaz, Delia, “Earthseed Planted: Ecofeminist Teachings in Octavia Butler’s Parable of the Sower”, The Pegasus Review: University of Central Florida Undergraduate Research Journal, 9.2 (2018): 40-46.
Stillman, Peter G., “Dystopian Critiques, Utopian Possibilities, and Human Purposes in Octavia Butler’s Parables”, Utopian Studies 14.1 (2003): 15‑35.
Stryker, Susan, “My Words to Victor Frankenstein Above the Village of Chamounix: Performing Transgender Rage”, GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 1.3 (1994): 237-254.
Suvin, Darko, Positions and Presuppositions in Sci-fi, Macmillan Press Press, London, 1988.
Vallorani, Nicoletta, “Lo sterile ‘equilibrio perfetto’: L’utopia-groviglio”, Leggendaria 143 (2020): 10-1.
Vallorani, Nicoletta, “Territori comanche: la fantascienza e il sociale”, Leggendaria 159 (2023): 8-9.
Wagner, Phoebe and Brontë, Wieland, “Solarpunks & Storytelling in the Capitalocene”, American Book Review 41.4 (2020): 14-15.
Westling, Louise, “Literature and Ecology”, Teaching Ecocriticism and Green Cultural Studies, Ed. Greg Garrard, Palgrave Macmillan, 2012: 75-89.
Więckowska, Katarzyna, “Appositions: The Future in Solarpunk and Post-Apocalyptic Fiction”, Text Matters 12 (2022): 345-358.
Winterson, Jeanette, 12 Bytes. How We Got Here. Where We Might Go Next. Vintage, London, 2021.
Sitography
Piercy, Marge (2021), “Woman On the Edge of Time”, Marge Piercy Official Website, https://margepiercy.com/woman-on-the-edge-of-time (last accessed 01/03/2024).
Solarpunk Community, A Solarpunk Manifesto (2019), Solarpunk Italia, http://www.re-des.org/a-solarpunk-manifesto/ (last accessed 15/06/2023).
Copyright Notice
You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work, and to adapt the work. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).