Songs and Verses of New Ethnicities: Resistenza e rappresentazione nella cultura black British

  • Francesco Cattani Università di Bologna
Parole chiave: black Britain, Handsworth Songs, John Akomfrah, Salman Rushdie, Stuart Hall, rappresentazione

Abstract

Il saggio prende avvio da un analisi del ‘documentario’ Handsworth Songs, girato dai Black Audio Film Collective nel 1986 e ispirato agli scontri che hanno infiammato la città di Birmingham nel 1985. Mescolando Storia, storie e materiale d’archivio, esso cerca di dare una nuova prospettiva su quello che i media avevano fatto passare come ‘looting’, senza indagarne (spesso negandone) le ragioni sociali e politiche. Presentandosi come riflessione sul presente delle lotte delle comunità black in Gran Bretagna e contemporaneamente come ricerca stilistica ed estetica, Handsworth Songs diventa una tappa fondamentale nella nascita di una tradizione critica black British.

La sua proiezione genera, infatti, una serie di reazioni opposte e controverse, in particolare la pubblicazione sul Guardian dei commenti di Salman Rushdie e Stuart Hall. Nella polemica che ne scaturisce si esplica il tentativo di individuare un diverso modo per rappresentare tanto i riot, come forma di resistenza e affermazione, quanto il black British, come soggetto politico British e non più ‘altro’, estraneo ai confini geografici e culturali nazionali.

Le posizioni opposte di Rushdie e Hall costituiscono un tentativo di rimettere in discussione i discorsi e i regimi di rappresentazione ‘ufficiali’, al fine di individuare nuove pratiche di rappresentazione autonome e lontane da marginalizzazioni o ‘mitiche criminalizzazioni’ (Paul Gilroy).

Proprio dopo questa polemica, non a caso, saranno pubblicati due testi centrali alla storia culturale della black Britain: “New Ethnicities” (1988) di Stuart Hall e The Satanic Verses (1988) di Salman Rushdie, in cui sembrano confluire in parte le riflessioni generate dalla visione di Handsworth Songs, che porteranno a una fondamentale ri-definizione e re-visione della blackness.

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Biografia autore

Francesco Cattani, Università di Bologna

Assegnista di Ricerca

Dipartimento Lingue Letterature e Culture Moderne

Università di Bologna

Riferimenti bibliografici

A different Reality. An Account of Black Peoples’ Experiences and Their Grivances Before and After the Handsworth Rebellions of September 1985, West Midlands County Council, 1986.

Aldama, Frederick Luis, Postethnic Narrative Criticism. Magicorealism in Oscar "Zeta" Acosta, Ana Castillo, Julie Dash, Hanif Kureishi, and Salman Rushdie, Austin, University of Texas Press, 2003.

Attille, Martina, “The Passion of Remembrance: Background”, Black Film, British Cinema. ICA Documents 7, London, Institute of Contemporary Arts, 1988: 53-54.

Banning, Kass, “Feeding Off the Dead: Necrophilia and the Black Imaginary – An Interview with John Akomfrah”, Border/Lines, 29-30 (1993): 28-38.

Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain, London, Hutchinson, 1982.

Eshun, Kodwo, “Drawing the Forms of Things Unknown”, The Ghosts of Songs. The Film Art of the Black Audio Film Collective, 1982-1998, Eds. Kodwo Eshun – Anjalika Sagarpp, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press – Foundation for Art and Creative Technology, 2007: 74-136.

Fisher, Jean, “In Living Memory... Archive and Testimony in the Films of the Black Audio Film Collective”, The Ghosts of Songs. The Film Art of the Black Audio Film Collective, 1982-1998, Eds. Kodwo Eshun – Anjalika Sagarpp, Liverpool, Liverpool University Press – Foundation for Art and Creative Technology, 2007: 16-10.

Fusco, Coco, Young, British, and Black. The Work of Sankofa and Black Audio Film Collective, Hallwalls/Contemporary Arts Center, Buffalo, NY, 1988.

Gilroy, Paul, “Police and Thieves”, The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain, Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, London, Hutchinson, 1982: 143-82.

Id., “The Myth of Black Criminality” (1982), Law, Order and the Authoritarian State. Readings in Critical Criminology, Ed. Phil Scraton, Milton Keynes – Philadelphia, Open University Press, 1987a: 107-20.

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Id., “Nothing but Sweat Inside My Hand: Diaspora Aesthetics and Black Arts in Britain”, Black Film, British Cinema. ICA Documents 7, London, Institute of Contemporary Arts, 1988: 44-46.

Hall, Stuart, “New Ethnicities”, Black Film, British Cinema. ICA Documents 7, London, Institute of Contemporary Arts, 1988: 27-31.

Id., “What Is the Black in Black Popular Culture?”, Black Popular Culture, Ed. Gina Dent, Seattle, Bay Press, 1992: 21-33.

Id., “Songs of Handsworth Praise”, (1987), Writing Black Britain 1948-1998: An Interdisciplinary Anthology, Ed. James Procter, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2000: 263-64.

Hall, Stuart, et al., Policing the Crisis. Mugging, the State, and Law and Order, London – Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1978.

Howe, Darcus, “The Language of Black Culture” (1987), Writing Black Britain 1948-1998: An Interdisciplinary Anthology, Ed. James Procter, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2000: 264-65.

“Interview with Sankofa Film Collective”, Black Film, British Cinema. ICA Documents 7, London, Institute of Contemporary Arts, 1988: 55-57.

Julien, Isaac, “Riot”, Isaac Julien. Riot, Ed. David Frankel, New York, Museum of Modern Art, 2013: 23-32.

Korte, Barbara – Sternberg, Claudia, Bidding for the Mainstream? Black and Asian British Film Since the 1990s, Amsterdam, New York, Rodopi, 2004.

Mercer, Kobena, “Diaspora Culture and the Dialogic Imagination: The Aesthetics of Black Independent Film in Britain”, Blackframes. Critical Perspectives on Black Independent Cinema, Eds. Mbye B. Cham – Claire Andrade-Watkins, Cambridge, MA ­– London, MIT Press, 1988: 50-61.

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Papastergiadis, Nikos, “Minority Discourse and Global Culture”, Id., Dialogues in the Diasporas: Essays and Conversations on Cultural Identity, London, Rivers Oram, 1996: 117-33.

Pines, Jim, “Rituals and Representations of Black ‘Britishness’”, British Cultural Studies. Geography, Nationality and Identity, Eds. David Morley – Kevin Morley, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001: 57-66.

Power, Nina, “Counter-Media Migration Poetry: Interview with John Akomfrah”, Film Quarterly, 65.2 (2011): 59-63.

Rushdie, Salman, “The New Empire within Britain” (1982), Id., Imaginary Homelands. Essays and Criticism 1981-91, Islington, Granta, 1992: 129-38.

Id., “Songs doesn’t Know the Score” (1987), Writing Black Britain 1948-1998: An Interdisciplinary Anthology, Ed. James Procter, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2000: 261-63.

Sitografia

Minhas, Narinder, “Look on the White Side”, The Guardian, 10/01/ 2000, http://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/jan/10/channel4.broadcasting, (ultimo accesso 10/05/2015).

Thatcher, Margaret, “TV Interview for Granada World in Action”, 27/ 01/1978, http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/103485, (ultimo accesso 10/05/2015).

Filmografia

Expeditions, prod. Black Audio Film Collective, U.K., 1982-84.

Handsworth Songs, dir.John Akomfrah, prod. Black Audio Film Collective, U.K., 1986.

The Passion of Remembrance, dir. Isaac Julien – Maureen Blackwood, prod. Sankofa, U.K., 1986.

Who Killed Colin Roach?, dir. Isaac Julien, prod. Sankofa, U.K., 1983.

Pubblicato
2015-11-30
Come citare
Cattani, F. (2015). Songs and Verses of New Ethnicities: Resistenza e rappresentazione nella cultura black British. Between, 5(10). https://doi.org/10.13125/2039-6597/1866