A possible deliberate Mahābhārata-echo in the imagery of the Buddhacarita compounded-rūpakas
Keywords:
Aśvaghoṣa, Buddhacarita, hypertextuality, Mahābhārata, rūpaka
Abstract
The main focus of the paper is to tentatively document traces of hypertextuality between the Buddhacarita and the Mahābhārata, under the assumption that Aśvaghoṣa probably knew this latter work, albeit non-definitive version of it. The selected methodological approach is a comparison between Bc and MBh in-compound-rūpakas. Indeed, since it is plausible that he benefited from an erudite court audience, Aśvaghoṣa is here assumed to take for granted that even indirect hints at MBh passages would be promptly understood. Therefore, he sometimes re-uses Mahābhārata expressions, and merely changes the word-order or replaces a single constituent in the matching figurative phrases or compounds, and sometimes plays with the MBh rūpakas in a more complex way.
On the basis of the survey and analysis of all the Bc’s rūpakas and their supposed inspirational MBh source, the present inquiry tries to show how the singled-out cross-references are not only aimed at building a generic sophisticated literary pattern for his mahākāvya and his learned audience, but they are also intentionally targeted at evoking Epic heroic imagery as clues for the kingly commitment the author attributes to Buddha.
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References
Bc Johnston, Edward Hamilton (ed.) (1972) [Lahore 1936], Aśvaghoṣa’s Buddhacarita or Acts of the Buddha. Complete Sanskrit Text with English Translation, Delhi, MLBD.
D Rhys Davids, Thomas W.; Carpenter, Joseph E. (eds.) (1960-1967), The Dīgha Nikāya, vols. I III, London, Luzac & Company, Limited.
MBh Sukthankar, Vishnu S.; Belvalkar Shripad K.; Vaidya Paraśurāma L. (eds.) (1933-1971), The Mahābhārata. For the first time critically edited, vols. I-XIX, Poona, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.
Sn Andersen, Dines; Smith, Helmer (eds.) (1965), Sutta-Nipāta, London, Luzac & Company LTD.
Benedetti, Giacomo (2016) ‘The Figure of the Ṛṣi in the Mahāvastu, in Comparison with the Pāli Jātakas and the Epics’, in Bindi, Serena; Mucciarelli, Elena; Pontillo, Tiziana (eds.), Cross Cutting South-Asian Studies: An Interdisciplinary Approach, New Delhi, D.K. Printworld, 174- 198.
Boccali, Giuliano (1999), ‘Anti-Narrative Tendencies in Indian Classical Literature’, in India, Tibet, China. Genesis and Aspects of Traditional Narrative, Firenze, Leo S. Olschki Editore, 257- 268.
Boccali, Giuliano (2008) ‘The Incipits of Classical Sargabandhas’, in Slaje, Walter (ed.), Inquiries into the Preamble in Sanskrit, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz Verlag, 2008 183-205.
Boccali, Giuliano; Pontillo, Tiziana (2010), ‘The Background of the samastavastuviṣayarūpaka and its Importance in Early Kāvya’, Pandanus 10, 109-138.
Brockington, John (1998), The Sanskrit Epics, Leiden-Boston-Köln, Brill.
Brodbeck, Simon (2011), ‘Solar and Lunar Lines in the Mahābhārata’, Religions of South Asia 5.1 (2), 127-152.
Bronkhorst, Johannes (2011), Buddhism in the Shadow of Brahmanism, vol. 24, Leiden, Brill.
Bronner, Yigal (2010), Extreme Poetry. The South Asian Movement of Simultaneous Narration, New York, Columbia University Press.
Candotti, Maria Piera; Pontillo, Tiziana (2017), ‘Late Sanskrit Literary Theorists and the Role of Grammar in Focusing the Separateness of Metaphor and Simile’, Journal of Indian Philosophy 45 (2), 349-380.
Churn Law, Bimala (1931), ʽChronology of the Pāli canonʼ, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 12 (2), 171-201.
Covill, Linda (2009), A Metaphorical Study of Saundarananda, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass Publisher.
Cowell, Edward B. (1894), The Buddha-Karita or Life of Buddha. By Asvaghosha, New Delhi, Cosmo Publications.
Eltschinger, Vincent (2013a), ‘Aśvaghoṣa and his Canonical Sources I: Preaching Selflessness to King Bimbisāra and the Magadhans (Buddhacarita 16.73–93)’, Journal of Indian Philosophy 41 (2), 167-194.
Eltschinger, Vincent (2013b), ‘Aśvaghoṣa and his Canonical Sources I: Yaśas, the Kāśyapa Brothers and the Buddha’s Arrival in Rājagṛha (Buddhacarita 16.3–71)’, Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 35 (1-2), 171-224.
Eltschinger, Vincent (2018), ʽAśvaghoṣa on Kings and Kingshipʼ, Indo-Iranian Journal 61 (4), 311- 352.
Eltschinger, Vincent (2019), ‘Aśvaghoṣa and his Canonical Sources (III): The Night of Awakening (Buddhacarita 14.1–87)’, Journal of Indian Philosophy 47 (2), 195-233.
Fitzgerald, James L. (2004), The Mahābhārata, Volume 7. 11. The Book of the Women. 12. The Book of Peace, Part One, Chicago-London, The University of Chicago Press.
Freschi, Elisa; Maas, Philipp A. (eds.) (2017), Adaptive Re-use. Aspects of Creativity in South Asian Cultural History, Wiesbaden, Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, Harassowitz Verlag.
Gariboldi, Andrea (2004), ʽAstral Symbology on Iranian Coinageʼ, East and West 54 (1/4), 31-53.
Genette, Gérard (1982), Palimpsestes. La littérature au second degré, Paris, Editions du Seuil.
Gerow, Edwin (1971), A Glossary of Indian Figures of Speech, Paris, Mouton.
Gokhale, Balkrishna G. (1974), ʽAnimal Symbolism in Early Buddhist Literature and Artʼ, East and West 24 (1/2), 111-120.
Hiltebeitel, Alf (2001), Rethinking the Mahābhārata. A Readerʼs Guide to the Education of the Dharma King, Chicago-London, The University of Chicago Press.
Hiltebeitel, Alf (2006), ʽAśvaghoṣa’s Buddhacarita: The First Known Close and Critical Reading of the Brahmanical Sanskrit Epicsʼ, Journal of Indian Philosophy 34 (3), 229–286.
Hiltebeitel, Alf (2011), Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
von Hinüber, Oskar (2015), ʽTripitakaʼ, in Silk, Jonathan A. (ed.), Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism vol. I (II), Leiden, Brill, 38-49.
Irwin, John (1983), ʽThe True Chronology of Aśokan Pillarsʼ, Artibus Asiae 44 (4), 247-265.
Jamison, Stephanie W.; Brereton, Joel P. (eds.) (2014), The Rigveda. The Earliest Religious Poetry of India, New York, Oxford University Press.
Lienhard, Siegfried (1984), ʽA History of Classical Poetry. Sanskrit – Pali – Prakritʼ, in Gonda, Jan (ed.), A History of Indian Literature, vol. 3 (1), Wiesbaden, Otto Harassowitz Verlag.
Malinar, Angelika (2007), The Bhagavadgītā. Doctrines and Contexts, New York, Cambridge University Press.
Neri, Chiara; Pontillo, Tiziana, (2019), ‘The Case of Yogakṣema/Yogakkhema in Vedic and Suttapiṭaka Sources. In Response to Norman’, Journal of Indian Philosophy 47 (3), 527–563.
Olivelle, Patrick (2004), ʽThe Semantic History of Dharma the Middle and Late Vedic Periodsʼ, Journal of Indian Philosophy 32 (5-6), 491-511.
Olivelle, Patrick (2008), Life of the Buddha by Aśvaghoṣa, New York, New York University Press/JJC Foundation (The Clay Sanskrit Library).
Olivelle, Patrick (2011), Ascetics and Brahmins: Studies in Ideologies and Institutions, London NewYork, Anthem Press.
Olivelle, Patrick (2019), ʽAśvaghoṣa’s Apologia: Brahmanical Ideology and Female Allureʼ, Journal of Indian Philosophy 47 (2), 257-268.
Passi, Alessandro (2011), Le gesta del Buddha, Milano, Adelphi.
Peterson, Indira V. (2003), Design and Rhetoric in a Sanskrit Court Epic. The Kirātārjunīya of Bhāravi, Albany, State University of New York Press.
Pontillo, Tiziana; Rossi, Paola (2003), ʽSea-Images in pre-kavya Literature: The Relationship between Mahabharata and Pali Buddhist Canon Occurrencesʼ, in Vacek, Jaroslav (ed.), Pandanus ’03: Nature Symbols in Literature, Prague, Signeta, 167-214.
Pontillo, Tiziana (2009), ‘Late Vedic Rūpakas based on nature imagery: ritual identifications as a sort of alaṃkāra-pattern’, in Vacek, Jaroslav (ed.) Pandanus ’09: Nature in literature, art, myth and ritual, vol. 3 (2), Prague, Triton, 9-24.
Pontillo, Tiziana (2013a), ‘The Debate on Asceticism as a Permanent Choice of Life: Some Late Clues from Mahākāvyas’, in Sudyka, Lidia; Nitecka, Anna (eds.), Text History and Society as Depicted in Indian Literature and Art. Part II. ŚRAVYA. Poetry & prose, Cracow Indological Studies 15, Krakow, Księgarnia Akademicka, 1-21.
Pontillo, Tiziana (2013b) ‘The Samastavastuviṣayarūpaka Between Śāstric and Literary Tradition. The Questioned Separateness between Metaphor and Simile’, in Boccali, Giuliano; Mucciarelli, Elena (eds.), Stylistic Devices in Indian Literature and Arts, Quaderni di Acme 135, 13-36.
Rhys Davids, Thomas W. (1969) [1899], Dialogues of the Buddha. Part 1. Translated from the Digha Nikaya, London: Luzac.
Rhys Davids, Thomas W.; Stede, William (eds.) (1921-1925), The Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary, London, Pali Text Society.
Salomon, Richard (2015), ‘Narratives and Long Poetry: Aśvaghoṣa’, in Silk, Jonathan A. (ed.), Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Leiden, Brill, 507-514.
Schotsman, Irma (1995), Aśvaghoṣa’s Buddhacarita. The Life of the Buddha, Sarnath-Varanasi, Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies.
Smith, David (1985), Ratnākara’s Haravijaya. An Introduction to the Sanskrit Court Epic, Delhi, Oxford University Press.
Sudyka, Lidia (2011), ʽUcchvāsa, Sarga and Lambha: Text Divisions in Sanskrit Poems (Mahākāvyas)ʼ Cracow Indological Studies 13, Krakow, Księgarnia Akademicka, 15-39.
Thapar, Romila (1991), ʽGenealogical Patterns as Perceptions of the Pastʼ, Studies in History 7 (1), 1-36.
Tzohar, Roy (2019), ʽA Tree in Bloom or a Tree Stripped Bare: Ways of Seeing in Aśvaghoṣa’s Life of the Buddhaʼ, Journal of Indian Philosophy 47 (2), 313–326.
Vaidya, Chintaman V. (1905), Mahābhārata. A Criticism, Bombay, A. J. Combridge & Co.
Van Buitenen, Johannes A. B. (1973), The Mahābhārata. 1. The Book of the Beginning, Chicago London, The University of Chicago Press.
Van Buitenen, Johannes A. B. (1975), The Mahābhārata. 2. The Book of the Assembly Hall. 3. The Book of the Forest, Chicago-London, The University of Chicago Press.
Van Buitenen, Johannes A. B. (1978,) The Mahābhārata. 4. The Book of Viraṭa. 5. The Book of the Effort, Chicago-London, The University of Chicago Press.
Vassilkov, Yaroslav (2015), ʽAnimal Symbolism of Warrior Brotherhoods in Indian Epic, History and Cultureʼ, in Pontillo, Tiziana; Bignami, Cristina; Dore, Moreno; Mucciarelli, Elena (eds.), The Volatile World of Sovereignty: The Vrātya Problem and Kingship in South Asia, New Delhi, DK Printworld, 221-253.
Walshe, Maurice (1995), The Long Discourses of the Buddha. A Translation of the Dīgha Nikāya, Boston, Wisdom Publications.
Witzel, Michael (2005), ʽThe Vedas and the Epics: Some Comparative Notes on Persons, Lineages, Geography, and Grammarʼ, in Koskikallio, Petteri (ed.), Epics, Khilas, and Purāṇas: Continuities and Ruptures. Proceedings of the Third Dubrovnik International Conference on the Sanskrit Epics and Purāṇas (September 2002), Zagreb, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 21-80.
Yardi, Madhukar R. (1986), The Mahābhārata. Its Genesis and Growth. A Statistical Study, Pune, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.
ITS Koeln = Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries,
DCS = Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, (accessed 30/12/2019).
TITUS MBh = Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien,
(accessed 30/12/2019).
TITUS Bc = Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien, (accessed 30/12/2019).
GRETIL MBh = Göttingen Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages,
(accessed 30/12/2019).
D Rhys Davids, Thomas W.; Carpenter, Joseph E. (eds.) (1960-1967), The Dīgha Nikāya, vols. I III, London, Luzac & Company, Limited.
MBh Sukthankar, Vishnu S.; Belvalkar Shripad K.; Vaidya Paraśurāma L. (eds.) (1933-1971), The Mahābhārata. For the first time critically edited, vols. I-XIX, Poona, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.
Sn Andersen, Dines; Smith, Helmer (eds.) (1965), Sutta-Nipāta, London, Luzac & Company LTD.
Benedetti, Giacomo (2016) ‘The Figure of the Ṛṣi in the Mahāvastu, in Comparison with the Pāli Jātakas and the Epics’, in Bindi, Serena; Mucciarelli, Elena; Pontillo, Tiziana (eds.), Cross Cutting South-Asian Studies: An Interdisciplinary Approach, New Delhi, D.K. Printworld, 174- 198.
Boccali, Giuliano (1999), ‘Anti-Narrative Tendencies in Indian Classical Literature’, in India, Tibet, China. Genesis and Aspects of Traditional Narrative, Firenze, Leo S. Olschki Editore, 257- 268.
Boccali, Giuliano (2008) ‘The Incipits of Classical Sargabandhas’, in Slaje, Walter (ed.), Inquiries into the Preamble in Sanskrit, Wiesbaden, Harrassowitz Verlag, 2008 183-205.
Boccali, Giuliano; Pontillo, Tiziana (2010), ‘The Background of the samastavastuviṣayarūpaka and its Importance in Early Kāvya’, Pandanus 10, 109-138.
Brockington, John (1998), The Sanskrit Epics, Leiden-Boston-Köln, Brill.
Brodbeck, Simon (2011), ‘Solar and Lunar Lines in the Mahābhārata’, Religions of South Asia 5.1 (2), 127-152.
Bronkhorst, Johannes (2011), Buddhism in the Shadow of Brahmanism, vol. 24, Leiden, Brill.
Bronner, Yigal (2010), Extreme Poetry. The South Asian Movement of Simultaneous Narration, New York, Columbia University Press.
Candotti, Maria Piera; Pontillo, Tiziana (2017), ‘Late Sanskrit Literary Theorists and the Role of Grammar in Focusing the Separateness of Metaphor and Simile’, Journal of Indian Philosophy 45 (2), 349-380.
Churn Law, Bimala (1931), ʽChronology of the Pāli canonʼ, Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute 12 (2), 171-201.
Covill, Linda (2009), A Metaphorical Study of Saundarananda, Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass Publisher.
Cowell, Edward B. (1894), The Buddha-Karita or Life of Buddha. By Asvaghosha, New Delhi, Cosmo Publications.
Eltschinger, Vincent (2013a), ‘Aśvaghoṣa and his Canonical Sources I: Preaching Selflessness to King Bimbisāra and the Magadhans (Buddhacarita 16.73–93)’, Journal of Indian Philosophy 41 (2), 167-194.
Eltschinger, Vincent (2013b), ‘Aśvaghoṣa and his Canonical Sources I: Yaśas, the Kāśyapa Brothers and the Buddha’s Arrival in Rājagṛha (Buddhacarita 16.3–71)’, Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 35 (1-2), 171-224.
Eltschinger, Vincent (2018), ʽAśvaghoṣa on Kings and Kingshipʼ, Indo-Iranian Journal 61 (4), 311- 352.
Eltschinger, Vincent (2019), ‘Aśvaghoṣa and his Canonical Sources (III): The Night of Awakening (Buddhacarita 14.1–87)’, Journal of Indian Philosophy 47 (2), 195-233.
Fitzgerald, James L. (2004), The Mahābhārata, Volume 7. 11. The Book of the Women. 12. The Book of Peace, Part One, Chicago-London, The University of Chicago Press.
Freschi, Elisa; Maas, Philipp A. (eds.) (2017), Adaptive Re-use. Aspects of Creativity in South Asian Cultural History, Wiesbaden, Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, Harassowitz Verlag.
Gariboldi, Andrea (2004), ʽAstral Symbology on Iranian Coinageʼ, East and West 54 (1/4), 31-53.
Genette, Gérard (1982), Palimpsestes. La littérature au second degré, Paris, Editions du Seuil.
Gerow, Edwin (1971), A Glossary of Indian Figures of Speech, Paris, Mouton.
Gokhale, Balkrishna G. (1974), ʽAnimal Symbolism in Early Buddhist Literature and Artʼ, East and West 24 (1/2), 111-120.
Hiltebeitel, Alf (2001), Rethinking the Mahābhārata. A Readerʼs Guide to the Education of the Dharma King, Chicago-London, The University of Chicago Press.
Hiltebeitel, Alf (2006), ʽAśvaghoṣa’s Buddhacarita: The First Known Close and Critical Reading of the Brahmanical Sanskrit Epicsʼ, Journal of Indian Philosophy 34 (3), 229–286.
Hiltebeitel, Alf (2011), Dharma: Its Early History in Law, Religion, and Narrative, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
von Hinüber, Oskar (2015), ʽTripitakaʼ, in Silk, Jonathan A. (ed.), Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism vol. I (II), Leiden, Brill, 38-49.
Irwin, John (1983), ʽThe True Chronology of Aśokan Pillarsʼ, Artibus Asiae 44 (4), 247-265.
Jamison, Stephanie W.; Brereton, Joel P. (eds.) (2014), The Rigveda. The Earliest Religious Poetry of India, New York, Oxford University Press.
Lienhard, Siegfried (1984), ʽA History of Classical Poetry. Sanskrit – Pali – Prakritʼ, in Gonda, Jan (ed.), A History of Indian Literature, vol. 3 (1), Wiesbaden, Otto Harassowitz Verlag.
Malinar, Angelika (2007), The Bhagavadgītā. Doctrines and Contexts, New York, Cambridge University Press.
Neri, Chiara; Pontillo, Tiziana, (2019), ‘The Case of Yogakṣema/Yogakkhema in Vedic and Suttapiṭaka Sources. In Response to Norman’, Journal of Indian Philosophy 47 (3), 527–563.
Olivelle, Patrick (2004), ʽThe Semantic History of Dharma the Middle and Late Vedic Periodsʼ, Journal of Indian Philosophy 32 (5-6), 491-511.
Olivelle, Patrick (2008), Life of the Buddha by Aśvaghoṣa, New York, New York University Press/JJC Foundation (The Clay Sanskrit Library).
Olivelle, Patrick (2011), Ascetics and Brahmins: Studies in Ideologies and Institutions, London NewYork, Anthem Press.
Olivelle, Patrick (2019), ʽAśvaghoṣa’s Apologia: Brahmanical Ideology and Female Allureʼ, Journal of Indian Philosophy 47 (2), 257-268.
Passi, Alessandro (2011), Le gesta del Buddha, Milano, Adelphi.
Peterson, Indira V. (2003), Design and Rhetoric in a Sanskrit Court Epic. The Kirātārjunīya of Bhāravi, Albany, State University of New York Press.
Pontillo, Tiziana; Rossi, Paola (2003), ʽSea-Images in pre-kavya Literature: The Relationship between Mahabharata and Pali Buddhist Canon Occurrencesʼ, in Vacek, Jaroslav (ed.), Pandanus ’03: Nature Symbols in Literature, Prague, Signeta, 167-214.
Pontillo, Tiziana (2009), ‘Late Vedic Rūpakas based on nature imagery: ritual identifications as a sort of alaṃkāra-pattern’, in Vacek, Jaroslav (ed.) Pandanus ’09: Nature in literature, art, myth and ritual, vol. 3 (2), Prague, Triton, 9-24.
Pontillo, Tiziana (2013a), ‘The Debate on Asceticism as a Permanent Choice of Life: Some Late Clues from Mahākāvyas’, in Sudyka, Lidia; Nitecka, Anna (eds.), Text History and Society as Depicted in Indian Literature and Art. Part II. ŚRAVYA. Poetry & prose, Cracow Indological Studies 15, Krakow, Księgarnia Akademicka, 1-21.
Pontillo, Tiziana (2013b) ‘The Samastavastuviṣayarūpaka Between Śāstric and Literary Tradition. The Questioned Separateness between Metaphor and Simile’, in Boccali, Giuliano; Mucciarelli, Elena (eds.), Stylistic Devices in Indian Literature and Arts, Quaderni di Acme 135, 13-36.
Rhys Davids, Thomas W. (1969) [1899], Dialogues of the Buddha. Part 1. Translated from the Digha Nikaya, London: Luzac.
Rhys Davids, Thomas W.; Stede, William (eds.) (1921-1925), The Pali Text Society’s Pali-English Dictionary, London, Pali Text Society.
Salomon, Richard (2015), ‘Narratives and Long Poetry: Aśvaghoṣa’, in Silk, Jonathan A. (ed.), Brill’s Encyclopedia of Buddhism, Leiden, Brill, 507-514.
Schotsman, Irma (1995), Aśvaghoṣa’s Buddhacarita. The Life of the Buddha, Sarnath-Varanasi, Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies.
Smith, David (1985), Ratnākara’s Haravijaya. An Introduction to the Sanskrit Court Epic, Delhi, Oxford University Press.
Sudyka, Lidia (2011), ʽUcchvāsa, Sarga and Lambha: Text Divisions in Sanskrit Poems (Mahākāvyas)ʼ Cracow Indological Studies 13, Krakow, Księgarnia Akademicka, 15-39.
Thapar, Romila (1991), ʽGenealogical Patterns as Perceptions of the Pastʼ, Studies in History 7 (1), 1-36.
Tzohar, Roy (2019), ʽA Tree in Bloom or a Tree Stripped Bare: Ways of Seeing in Aśvaghoṣa’s Life of the Buddhaʼ, Journal of Indian Philosophy 47 (2), 313–326.
Vaidya, Chintaman V. (1905), Mahābhārata. A Criticism, Bombay, A. J. Combridge & Co.
Van Buitenen, Johannes A. B. (1973), The Mahābhārata. 1. The Book of the Beginning, Chicago London, The University of Chicago Press.
Van Buitenen, Johannes A. B. (1975), The Mahābhārata. 2. The Book of the Assembly Hall. 3. The Book of the Forest, Chicago-London, The University of Chicago Press.
Van Buitenen, Johannes A. B. (1978,) The Mahābhārata. 4. The Book of Viraṭa. 5. The Book of the Effort, Chicago-London, The University of Chicago Press.
Vassilkov, Yaroslav (2015), ʽAnimal Symbolism of Warrior Brotherhoods in Indian Epic, History and Cultureʼ, in Pontillo, Tiziana; Bignami, Cristina; Dore, Moreno; Mucciarelli, Elena (eds.), The Volatile World of Sovereignty: The Vrātya Problem and Kingship in South Asia, New Delhi, DK Printworld, 221-253.
Walshe, Maurice (1995), The Long Discourses of the Buddha. A Translation of the Dīgha Nikāya, Boston, Wisdom Publications.
Witzel, Michael (2005), ʽThe Vedas and the Epics: Some Comparative Notes on Persons, Lineages, Geography, and Grammarʼ, in Koskikallio, Petteri (ed.), Epics, Khilas, and Purāṇas: Continuities and Ruptures. Proceedings of the Third Dubrovnik International Conference on the Sanskrit Epics and Purāṇas (September 2002), Zagreb, Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 21-80.
Yardi, Madhukar R. (1986), The Mahābhārata. Its Genesis and Growth. A Statistical Study, Pune, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.
ITS Koeln = Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries,
DCS = Digital Corpus of Sanskrit,
TITUS MBh = Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien,
(accessed 30/12/2019).
TITUS Bc = Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien,
GRETIL MBh = Göttingen Register of Electronic Texts in Indian Languages,
(accessed 30/12/2019).
Published
2019-12-31
How to Cite
Falqui, D. (2019). A possible deliberate Mahābhārata-echo in the imagery of the Buddhacarita compounded-rūpakas. Rhesis. International Journal of Linguistics, Philology and Literature, 10(2), 33-55. https://doi.org/10.13125/rhesis/5685
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Articoli
