Comandi straordinari e manipolazione dell’emergenza nel dibattito politico tra il 59 e il 49 a.C.
Parole chiave:
comandi straordinari, imperium, tarda Repubblica, manipolazione, emergenza
Abstract
Nel I secolo a.C. – come già nel periodo precedente – il conferimento di comandi straordinari fu al centro di un dibattito vivace e talvolta violento. Coloro che si opponevano a tale prassi erano soliti mettere in guardia dai rischi derivanti dalla novitas della misura in questione e dall’accentramento di vasti poteri nelle mani di singoli individui. Tale aspetto è ormai stato evidenziato in numerosi studi sul tema; nel presente contributo si intende invece dimostrare che nel decennio compreso fra il 59 e il 49 fu ricorrente anche l’accusa, rivolta ai beneficiari del conferimento, di aver sfruttato la tematica dell’emergenza per ottenere o conservare il potere. Un excursus fra le concessioni straordinarie del periodo permetterà innanzitutto di individuare le modalità, le tempistiche e le finalità con le quali l’opposizione si servì di questa argomentazione. Contestualmente, si cercherà di chiarire se tali accuse rispondessero alla realtà dei fatti o se fossero a loro volta frutto di una manipolazione. Dall’analisi dei dati in nostro possesso emergerà infine che la percezione del pericolo e della crisi fu variamente strumentalizzata da tutte le parti in causa a supporto della propria narrazione politica.
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Riferimenti bibliografici
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Ward, Allen M. (1977), Marcus Crassus and the Late Roman Republic, Columbia, University of Missouri Press.
Williams, Richard S. (1980), Aulus Gabinius: A Political Biography, Ann Arbor-London, University Microfilms International.
Wiseman, Timothy P. (1998), ‘The Publication of De bello Gallico’, in Welch, Kathryn; Powell, Anton (eds.), Julius Caesar as Artful Reporter: The War Commentaries as Political Instruments, London, The Classical Press of Wales, 1-9.
Yakobson, Alexander (2009), ‘Public Opinion, Foreign Policy and ‘Just War’ in the Late Republic’, in Eilers, Claude (ed.), Diplomats and Diplomacy in the Roman World, Leiden, Brill, 45-72.
Angeli Bertinelli, Maria Gabriella; Carena, Carlo; Manfredini, Mario; Piccirilli, Luigi (1993), Plutarco: Le Vite di Nicia e di Crasso, Milano, Mondadori, Fondazione Lorenzo Valla.
Arena, Valentina (2012), Libertas and the Practice of Politics in the Late Roman Republic, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Bellardi, Giovanni (1975), Le Orazioni di M. Tullio Cicerone. Volume terzo. Dal 57 al 52 a.C., Torino, UTET.
Brennan, T. Corey (2000), The Praetorship in the Roman Republic, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Broughton, Thomas R. S. (1952), The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, II: 99 B.C. – 31 B.C., New York, American Philological Association.
Cesa, Maria (2007), ‘Riflessioni sulla composizione del De bello Gallico’, in Desideri, Paolo (ed.), Antidoron: studi in onore di Barbara Scardigli Forster, Pisa, ETS, 37-49.
Fezzi, Luca (1999), ‘La legislazione tribunizia di Publio Clodio Pulcro (58 a.C.) e la ricerca del consenso a Roma’, Studi Classici e Orientali 47 (1), 245-341.
Fezzi, Luca (2019), Pompeo. Conquistatore del mondo, difensore della res publica, eroe tragico, Roma, Salerno Editrice.
Gagliardi, Lorenzo (2011), Cesare, Pompeo e la lotta per le magistrature, Milano, Giuffrè.
Gardner, Jane F. (1983), ‘The “Gallic Menace” in Caesar’s Propaganda’, Greece & Rome 30 (2), 181-189.
Girardet, Klaus M. (2007), Rom auf dem Weg von der Republik zum Prinzipat, Bonn, Habelt.
Grillo, Luca (2015), Cicero’s De Provinciis Consularibus Oratio, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Keaveney, Arthur (1982), ‘The King and the War-Lords: Romano-Parthian Relations circa 64-53 B.C.’, The American Journal of Philology 103 (4), 412-428.
Kennedy, David (1996), ‘Parthia and Rome: Eastern Perspectives’, in Kennedy, Daniel (ed.), The Roman Army in the East [Special issue], Journal of Roman Archeology Supplementary Series 18, 68-90.
Krebs, Christopher B. (2018), ‘More than Words. The Commentarii in their Propagandistic Context’, in Grillo, Luca; Krebs, Cristopher B. (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to the Writings of Julius Caesar, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 29-42.
Leach, John D. (1983), Pompeo, Milano, Rizzoli (Pompey the Great, London, Croom Helm, 1978). Łoposzko, Tadeusz (1979), ‘La famine à Rome en 57 avant J.-Chr.’, Quaderni di Storia 10, 101-121.
Marshall, Bruce A. (1976), Crassus: A Political Biography, Amsterdam, Adolf M. Hakkert.
Meriani, Angelo (1998), Vite di Plutarco. Traduzione di R. Giannattasio Andria, 6, Torino, UTET.
Nisbet, Robin G. M. (1961), M. Tulli Ciceronis In L. Calpurnium Pisonem oratio, Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Rickman, Geoffrey (1980), The Corn Supply of Ancient Rome, Oxford, Clarendon Press.
Ridley, Ronald T. (1981), ‘The Extraordinary Commands of the Late Republic: A Matter of Definition’, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte 30 (3), 280-297.
Ridley, Ronald T. (1983), ‘Pompey’s Commands in the 50’s: How cumulative?’, Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 126 (2), 136-148.
Riggsby, Andrew M. (2006), Caesar in Gaul and Rome: War in Words, Austin, University of Texas Press.
Romano, Elisa (2006), ʻ“Allontanarsi dall’antico”. Novità e cambiamento nell’antica Romaʼ, Storica 12, 7-42.
Rotondi, Giovanni (1962) [1912], Leges Publicae Populi Romani, Hildesheim, Georg Olms.
Ruffing, Kai (1993), ‘Ein Fall von politischer Getreidespekulation im Jahr 57 v. Chr. in Rom?’, Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 12 (1), 75-93.
Seager, Robin (20022) [1979], Pompey: A Political Biography, Malden-Oxford-Melbourne, Blackwell.
Straumann, Benjamin (2016), Crisis and Constitutionalism: Roman Political Thought from the Fall of the Republic to the Age of Revolution, New York, Oxford University Press.
Tatum, W. Jeffrey (1999), The Patrician Tribune. Publius Clodius Pulcher, Chapel Hill-London, The University of North Carolina Press.
Vervaet, Frederik J. (2010), ‘Arrogating Despotic Power through Deceit: The Pompeian Model for Augustan dissimulatio’, in Turner, Andrew; Kim On Chong-Gossard, James H.; Vervaet, Frederik J. (eds.), Private and Public Lies: The Discourse of Despotism and Deceit in the GraecoRoman World, Leiden-Boston, Brill, 131-166.
Vervaet, Frederik J. (2014), The High Command in the Roman Republic. The Principle of the summum imperium auspiciumque from 509 to 19 BCE, Stuttgart, Steiner.
Ward, Allen M. (1977), Marcus Crassus and the Late Roman Republic, Columbia, University of Missouri Press.
Williams, Richard S. (1980), Aulus Gabinius: A Political Biography, Ann Arbor-London, University Microfilms International.
Wiseman, Timothy P. (1998), ‘The Publication of De bello Gallico’, in Welch, Kathryn; Powell, Anton (eds.), Julius Caesar as Artful Reporter: The War Commentaries as Political Instruments, London, The Classical Press of Wales, 1-9.
Yakobson, Alexander (2009), ‘Public Opinion, Foreign Policy and ‘Just War’ in the Late Republic’, in Eilers, Claude (ed.), Diplomats and Diplomacy in the Roman World, Leiden, Brill, 45-72.
Pubblicato
2020-12-31
Come citare
Cau, F. (2020). Comandi straordinari e manipolazione dell’emergenza nel dibattito politico tra il 59 e il 49 a.C. Rhesis. International Journal of Linguistics, Philology and Literature, 11(1), 231-240. https://doi.org/10.13125/rhesis/5641
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