La riorganizzazione del sistema verbale nello Slavo del Molise. Su alcune forme di futuro
Keywords:
future tense, Slavic of Molise, language contact, language change, minority language
Abstract
It is well known that the various forms of future tense tend to be very unstable in many languages of the world. In Indo-European languages it is assumed that this is due to the absence of an original form subsequently filled by different structures aimed at expressing this temporal deixis. These structures often added modal values – originally conveyed by the auxiliary forms used for the construction of periphrasis – to the temporal reference. The modal origin of these new temporal forms may also have determined their instability and continuous change. The present paper describes some forms of future tense in the Slavic of Molise (SLM), a Croatian minority language in contact with Romance varieties of Southern Italy. On the basis of the data collected in two SLM communities, the role of the Romance contact languages in the evolution of the different forms of future tense is highlighted. Three forms of future tense that have a model in Italian and in the dialect variety of the region have been added to the periphrasis with the auxiliary ‘want’ brought from the Balkan area of origin: a periphrastic form with the auxiliary ‘have’ / ‘have to’, the form of the present indicative, and an imminential periphrasis with the verb ‘stand’. However, this system is not stable: the change in the use of the varieties of the linguistic repertoire (both by communities and by single speakers) modified the functional distribution of the forms of future tense. The aim of the present work is to describe the current conditions of use of the different forms of future tense and to provide an explanation to the ongoing process of change.
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References
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Schwegler, Armin (1990), Analicity and Syntheticity. A Diachronic Perspective with Special Reference to Romance Languages, Berlin-New York, Mouton De Gruyter.
Shevelov George Y. (1993), ‘Ukrainian’, in Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville G. (eds.), The Slavonic languages, London-New York, Routledge, 947-998.
Tomić Olga Mišeska (2004), ‘The syntax of the Balkan Slavic future tenses’, Lingua 114 (4), 517-542.
Trudgill, Peter (2009), ‘Sociolinguistic typology and complexification’, in Sampson, Geoffrey; Gil, David; Trudgill, Peter (eds.), Language complexity as an evolving variable, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 98-109.
Ultan, Russel (1978), ‘The nature of future tenses’, in Greenberg, Joseph H. (ed.), Universals of human language. Vol. III: Word Structure, Stanford (CA), Stanford University Press, 83-123.
Vaillant, André (1966), Grammaire Comparée des Langue Slaves. III. Le Verbe, Paris, Klincksiek.
Banfi, Emanuele (2003), ‘Tipi di futuro in area Balcanica: questioni tipologiche, areali e storico-linguistiche’, in Loi Corvetto, Ines (ed.), Dalla linguistica areale alla tipologia linguistica. Atti del XXVI convegno della Società Italiana di Glottologia, Cagliari 27-29 settembre 2001, Roma, Bulzoni, 165-206.
Bertinetto, Pier Marco (1991), ‘Il verbo’, in Renzi, Lorenzo; Salvi, Giampaolo; Cardinaletti, Anna (eds.), Grande grammatica italiana di consultazione, Vol. II, I sintagmi verbale, aggettivale, avverbiale. La subordinazione, Bologna, Il Mulino, 13-161.
Breu, Walter (1992), ‘Das italokroatische Verbsystem zwischen slavischem Erbe und kontaktbedingter Entwicklung’, in Reuther, Tilmann (ed.), Slavistische Beiträge Band 292, Slavistische Linguistik 1991: Referate des XV Konstanzer Slavistischen Arbeitstreffens, München, Otto Sagner, 93-122.
Breu, Walter (1993), ‘Verben der Fortbewegung im Italokroatischen in vergleichender Sicht (Morphologie, Funktionen, Entlehnungen, Rektion)’, in Kempgen, Sebastian (ed.), Slavistische Beiträge Band 304, Slavistische Linguistik 1992: Referate des XVIII Konstanzer Slavistischen Arbeitstreffens, München, Otto Sagner, 9-40.
Breu, Walter (1994), ‘Interactions between lexical, temporal and aspectual meanings’, Studies in Language 18 (1), 23-44.
Breu, Walter (2003), ‘Bilingualism and linguistic interference in Slavic-Romance contact area of Molise (Southern Italy)’, in Eckardt, Regine; von Heusinger, Klaus; Schwarze, Christophe (eds.), Words in time. Diachronic semantics from different points of view, Berlin-New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 351-373.
Breu, Walter; Piccoli, Giovanni (2000), Dizionario Croato Molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce. Dizionario Plurilingue della Lingua Slava della Minoranza di Provenienza Dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso. Dizionario, Registri, Grammatica, Testi, Ripalimosani (Cb), Arti Grafiche La Regione.
Breu, Walter; Piccoli, Giovanni (2011), Südslavisch unter romanischem Dach. Teil I. Texte aus Acquaviva Collecroce, München-Berlin-Washington (D.C.), Otto Sagner.
Breu, Walter; Piccoli, Giovanni (2012), Südslavisch unter romanischem Dach. Teil II. Texte aus Montemitro und San Felice del Molise, München-Berlin-Washington (D.C.), Otto Sagner.
Browne, Wayles (1993), ‘Serbo-Croat’, in Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville G. (eds.), The Slavonic languages, London-New York, Routledge, 305-387.
Bybee, Joan L.; Pagliuca, William (1987), ‘The evolution of future meaning’, in Giacalone Ramat, Anna; Carruba, Onofrio; Bernini, Giuliano (eds.), Papers from the 7th international conference on historical linguistics, Amsterdam-Philadelphia, John Benjamins, 109-122.
Bybee, Joan L.; Perkins, Revere; Pagliuca, William (1994), The Evolution of Grammar. Tense, Aspect, and Modality in the Languages of the World, Chicago-London, The University of Chicago Press.
Chung Sandra; Timberlake Alan (1985), ‘Tense, aspect and mood’, in Shopen, Timothy (ed.), Language typology and syntactic description, Vol. III. Grammatical categories and the lexicon, Cambridge-London-New York, Cambridge University Press, 202-258.
Comrie, Bernard (1985), Tense, Cambridge-London-New York, Cambridge University Press.
Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville G. (eds.) (1993), The Slavonic languages, LondonNew York, Routledge.
Dahl, Östen (2000), ‘The grammar of future time reference in European languages’, in Dahl, Östen (ed.), Tense and aspect in the languages of Europe. empirical approaches to language typology, EUROTYP 20–6, Berlin-New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 309-328.
De Roberto, Elisa (2010), ‘Futuro’,
Dorian, Nancy C. (1977), ‘The problem of the semi-speaker in language death’, International Journal of the Sociology of Language 12, 23-32.
Dorian, Nancy C., 1981. Language Death: The Life Cycle of a Scottish Gaelic Dialect, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press.
Dorian, Nancy C. (ed.) (1989), Investigating obsolescence. Studies in language contraction and death, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Fleischman, Suzanne (1983), ‘From pragmatics to grammar. Diachronic reflections on complex pasts and futures in Romance’, Lingua 60, 183-214.
Hopper, Paul J.; Traugott, Elizabeth C. (1993), Grammaticalization, Cambridge. Cambridge University Press.
Kaye, Steven (2009), Grammaticalization and Future Reference in the Italic/Romance Verb, MPhil Thesis, Oxford, University of Oxford.
Maitz, Péter; Németh, Attila (2014), ‘Language contact and morphosyntactic complexity: evidence from German’, Journal of Germanic Linguistics 26 (1), 1-29.
Marra, Antonietta (2005) ‘Mutamenti e persistenze nelle forme di futuro dello slavo molisano’, in Breu, Walter (ed.), L’influsso dell’italiano sulla grammatica delle lingue minoritarie.
Problemi di morfologia e sintassi. Atti del Convegno internazionale, Costanza, 9-11 ottobre 2003, Rende, Università della Calabria, Centro Editoriale e librario, 141-166.
Migdalski, Krzysztof Marek (2006), The Syntax of Compound Tenses in Slavic, Utrecht, LOT. Rešetar, Milan (1997) [1911], Le Colonie Serbo-Croate nell’Italia Meridionale [Die Serbokroatischen Kolonien Süditaliens], Breu, Walter; Gardenghi, Monica (eds.), Campobasso, Amministrazione Provinciale di Campobasso.
Rohlfs, Gerhard (1968) [1949], Grammatica Storica della Lingua Italiana e dei suoi Dialetti. Morfologia, Torino, Einaudi.
Sasse, Hans-Jürgen (1992), ‘Language decay and contact induced change: similarities and differences’, in Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.), Language death. Factual and theoretical explorations with special reference to East Africa, Berlin-New York, Mouton De Gruyter, 59-80.
Schwegler, Armin (1990), Analicity and Syntheticity. A Diachronic Perspective with Special Reference to Romance Languages, Berlin-New York, Mouton De Gruyter.
Shevelov George Y. (1993), ‘Ukrainian’, in Comrie, Bernard; Corbett, Greville G. (eds.), The Slavonic languages, London-New York, Routledge, 947-998.
Tomić Olga Mišeska (2004), ‘The syntax of the Balkan Slavic future tenses’, Lingua 114 (4), 517-542.
Trudgill, Peter (2009), ‘Sociolinguistic typology and complexification’, in Sampson, Geoffrey; Gil, David; Trudgill, Peter (eds.), Language complexity as an evolving variable, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 98-109.
Ultan, Russel (1978), ‘The nature of future tenses’, in Greenberg, Joseph H. (ed.), Universals of human language. Vol. III: Word Structure, Stanford (CA), Stanford University Press, 83-123.
Vaillant, André (1966), Grammaire Comparée des Langue Slaves. III. Le Verbe, Paris, Klincksiek.
Published
2019-12-31
How to Cite
Marra, A. (2019). La riorganizzazione del sistema verbale nello Slavo del Molise. Su alcune forme di futuro. Rhesis. International Journal of Linguistics, Philology and Literature, 10(1), 56-74. https://doi.org/10.13125/rhesis/5616
Section
Articoli
