Notule sur le pronom de première personne du singulier io chez Dante Alighieri
Keywords:
pronouns, Old Italian, clitic, allomorphy, person
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to discuss the status of the two pronominal variants i’ and io found in Old Italian and more specifically in the writings of Dante Alighieri. If at first glance these variants seem to be interchangeable, a deeper analysis of their syntactic distribution shows that their functional fields only partially overlap: the apocopated variant i’ can be shown to occur in a subset of the contexts in which the full form io is available. If however the bisyllabic pronom io can be said to be heavier and stronger than the reduced variant, it does not follow that the latter is a clitic: even though i’ is in some sense engaged in the path of cliticization, its syntactic distribution clearly shows that in Old Italian it does not have clitic status.
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References
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CARDINALETTI, Anna and STARKE, Michal (1999), “The typology of structural deficiency. A case study of the three classes of pronouns”, in Henk VAN RIEMSDIJK (ed.), Clitics in the Languages of Europe. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 145-233.
CARNOY, Albert J. (1918), “The real nature of dissimilation”, in «Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association» 49, 101-113.
CLÉDAT, Léon (1896), “Je et Gié”, in «Revue de Philologie Française et Provençale» 10, 222-223.
CLÉDAT, Léon (1925), Manuel de phonétique et de morphologie romanes. Paris : Edouard Champion.
CONTINI, Michel (1987), Etude de géographie phonétique et de phonétique instrumentale du Sarde. Alessandria : Edizioni dell’Orso.
CRESCINI, Vincenzo (1905), Manualetto provenzale per uso degli alunni delle facoltà di lettere. Introduzione grammaticale, crestomazia e glossario. Verona/Padova: Fratelli Drucker.
DALBERA-STEFANAGGI, Marie-José (1995), Nouvel Atlas Linguistique et Ethnographique de la Corse. Vol. I. Paris : Edtions du CNRS.
DE DARDEL, Robert and DE KOK, Ans (1996), La position des pronoms régimes atones – personnels et adverbiaux – en protoroman, avec une considération spéciale de ses prolongements en français. Paris : Droz (Publications Romanes et Françaises 217).
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HAMPSHIRE, Stuart (1959), Thought and Language. London: Chatto and Windus.
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KURYŁOWICZ, Jerzy (1972), “The Role of Deictic Elements in Linguistic Evolution”, in Esquisses Linguistiques II. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 121-130.
LAUSBERG, Heinrich (1976), Linguistica romanza. Vol.1 Fonetica. Vol. II. Morfologia. Milano: Feltrinelli.
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LÜDTKE, Helmut (1958), Die strukturelle Entwicklung des Romanischen vokalismus. Bonn.
MAROTTA, Giovanna (1987), “Dittongo e iato in italiano: una difficile discriminazione”, in «Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa» Serie III, 17, 847-887.
MAROTTA, Giovanna (1988), “The Italian diphthongs and the autosegmental framework”, in Pier Marco BERTINETTO and Michele LOPORCARO (eds.), Certamen Phonologicum. Papers from the 1987 Cortona Phonology Meeting. Torino: Rosenberg & Sellier, 389-420.
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MENGER, Louis E. (1893), “The Historical Development of the Possessive Pronouns in Italian”, in «PMLA» 8 (2), 141-209.
MILLARDET, Georges (1910), Etudes de Dialectologie Landaise. Le développement des phonèmes additionnels. Toulouse : Edouard Privat.
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D’OVIDIO, Francesco (1878), “Della questione della nostra lingua, e della questione di Ciullo d’Alcamo. Risposta al Prof. Caix”, in Saggi critici. Napoli: Domenico Morano, 466-538.
PHILLIMORE, J. S. (1922), “Emphatic ego in Latin”, in «Classical Philology» 17 (4), 306-312.
PIERI, Silvio (1892-1894), “Il dialetto di Sillano”, in «Archivio Glottologico Italiano» 13, 329-354.
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RENZI, Lorenzo (1987), “Essor, transformation et mort d’une loi: la loi de Wackernagel”, in Mélanges offerts à Maurice Molho. Vol.III. Linguistique. Fontenay/Saint-Cloud: Les Cahiers de Fontenay 46-47-48, 291-302.
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SASSE, Hans-Jürgen (1995), “‘Theticity’ and VS order: a case study”, in «Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung» 48 (1-2), 3-27.
SCHÜRR, Friedrich (1951), “La diptongación ibero-románica”, in «Revista de dialectologia y tradiciones populares» 7 (3), 379-390.
SCHÜRR, Friedrich (1956), “La diphtongaison romane”, in «Revue de Linguistique Romane» 20, 161-248.
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ULLELAND, Magnus (1960), “Alcune osservazioni sulla legge ‘Tobler-Mussafia’”, in «Studia Neophilologica» 32 (1), 53-79.
USPENSKY, Boris A. and ZHIVOV, Viktor M. (1977), “Center – periphery opposition and language universals”, in «Linguistics» 196, 5-24.
VÄÄNÄNEN, Veikko (1981), Introduction au latin vulgaire. Paris: Klincksieck.
VANELLI, Laura (1998), I dialetti italiani settentrionali nel panorama romanzo. Studi di sintassi e morfologia. Roma: Bulzoni.
VIGNOLI, Carlo (1903), “Il vernacolo di Castro dei Volsci”, in «Studj Romanzi» 7, 117-296.
VIGNON, Louis (1899), “Les patois de la région lyonnaise. Les pronoms personnels. I. Les pronoms sujets”, in «Revue de Philologie Française et de Littérature» 13, 1-41.
WAGNER, Max L. (1907), “Le développement du latin EGO en sarde”, in «Romania» 36, 420-428.
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BOSSONG, Georg (2008), “Vers une typologie des indices actanciels. Les clitiques romans dans une perspective comparative”, in Paolo RAMAT and Elisa ROMA (eds.), Sintassi storica. Atti del XXX Congresso Internazionale della SLI (Pavia, 26-28 settembre 1996). Roma : Bulzoni, 9-43.
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CARDINALETTI, Anna (1998), “On the deficient / strong position in possessive systems”, in Artémis ALEXIADOU and Chris WILDER (eds.), Possessors, Predicates and Movement within Determiner Phrase. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 17-53.
CARDINALETTI, Anna and STARKE, Michal (1999), “The typology of structural deficiency. A case study of the three classes of pronouns”, in Henk VAN RIEMSDIJK (ed.), Clitics in the Languages of Europe. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 145-233.
CARNOY, Albert J. (1918), “The real nature of dissimilation”, in «Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association» 49, 101-113.
CLÉDAT, Léon (1896), “Je et Gié”, in «Revue de Philologie Française et Provençale» 10, 222-223.
CLÉDAT, Léon (1925), Manuel de phonétique et de morphologie romanes. Paris : Edouard Champion.
CONTINI, Michel (1987), Etude de géographie phonétique et de phonétique instrumentale du Sarde. Alessandria : Edizioni dell’Orso.
CRESCINI, Vincenzo (1905), Manualetto provenzale per uso degli alunni delle facoltà di lettere. Introduzione grammaticale, crestomazia e glossario. Verona/Padova: Fratelli Drucker.
DALBERA-STEFANAGGI, Marie-José (1995), Nouvel Atlas Linguistique et Ethnographique de la Corse. Vol. I. Paris : Edtions du CNRS.
DE DARDEL, Robert and DE KOK, Ans (1996), La position des pronoms régimes atones – personnels et adverbiaux – en protoroman, avec une considération spéciale de ses prolongements en français. Paris : Droz (Publications Romanes et Françaises 217).
DUBSKÝ, Josef (1960), “L’inversion en espagnol”, in «Sborník Prací Filosofické Fakulty Brnenské University» 9, 111-121.
ESPINOSA, Aurelio M. (1909), Studies in New Mexican Spanish. Part I: Phonology. Chicago (PhD dissertation).
ESPINOSA, Aurelio M. (1911), “Studies in New Mexican Spanish. Part II: Morphology”, in «Revue de Dialectologie Romane» 3, 251-286.
FLORICIC, Franck (2003), “Notes sur le pronom Loro: vraiment un clitique?”, in «Vox Romanica» 62, 28-52.
GAWELKO, Marek (1996), L’étude sur l’ordre des mots dans les langues romanes (augmentée de parallélismes avec l’anglais et le polonais). I. La position du sujet. Lublin: Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego.
GAZDARU, Demetrio (1969), Ensayos de filología y lingüística románicas I. La Plata: Instituto de Filología.
GUARNERIO, Pier Enea (1918), Fonologia romanza. Milano: Ulrico Hoepli.
HAMPSHIRE, Stuart (1959), Thought and Language. London: Chatto and Windus.
HUALDE, José I. (2004), “Quasi-phonemic contrasts in Spanish”, in Vineeta CHAND, Ann KELLEHER, Angelo J. RODRÍGUEZ and Benjamin SCHMEISER (eds.), WCCFL 23. Proceedings of the 23rd West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics. Somerville: Cascadilla Press, 374-398.
JABERG, Karl and JUD, Jakob (1928-1940), Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz. Zofingen: Ringier.
KURYŁOWICZ, Jerzy (1962), “The evolution of grammatical categories”, in Esquisses Linguistiques II. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 38-54.
KURYŁOWICZ, Jerzy (1964), The Inflectional Categories of Indo-European. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
KURYŁOWICZ, Jerzy (1972), “The Role of Deictic Elements in Linguistic Evolution”, in Esquisses Linguistiques II. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 121-130.
LAUSBERG, Heinrich (1976), Linguistica romanza. Vol.1 Fonetica. Vol. II. Morfologia. Milano: Feltrinelli.
LING, Axel (1869), “Saggio su’ pronomi personali della lingua italiana”, in Upsala Universitets Årsskrift 1.
LÜDTKE, Helmut (1958), Die strukturelle Entwicklung des Romanischen vokalismus. Bonn.
MAROTTA, Giovanna (1987), “Dittongo e iato in italiano: una difficile discriminazione”, in «Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa» Serie III, 17, 847-887.
MAROTTA, Giovanna (1988), “The Italian diphthongs and the autosegmental framework”, in Pier Marco BERTINETTO and Michele LOPORCARO (eds.), Certamen Phonologicum. Papers from the 1987 Cortona Phonology Meeting. Torino: Rosenberg & Sellier, 389-420.
MEADOWS, Gail K. (1948), “The development of Latin hiatus groups in the Romance Languages”, in «PMLA» 63 (3), 765-784.
MENGER, Louis E. (1893), “The Historical Development of the Possessive Pronouns in Italian”, in «PMLA» 8 (2), 141-209.
MILLARDET, Georges (1910), Etudes de Dialectologie Landaise. Le développement des phonèmes additionnels. Toulouse : Edouard Privat.
MUSSAFIA, Adolfo (1886), “Una particolarità sintattica della lingua italiana dei primi secoli”, in Miscellanea di filologia e linguistica in memoria di N. Caix e U.A. Canello. Firenze: Le Monnier, 255-261.
D’OVIDIO, Francesco (1886), “Ricerche sui pronomi personali e possessivi neolatini”, in «Archivio Glottologico Italiano» 9, 25-101.
D’OVIDIO, Francesco (1878), “Della questione della nostra lingua, e della questione di Ciullo d’Alcamo. Risposta al Prof. Caix”, in Saggi critici. Napoli: Domenico Morano, 466-538.
PHILLIMORE, J. S. (1922), “Emphatic ego in Latin”, in «Classical Philology» 17 (4), 306-312.
PIERI, Silvio (1892-1894), “Il dialetto di Sillano”, in «Archivio Glottologico Italiano» 13, 329-354.
DE PILLA, Domenico (1889), Sineresi, dieresi ed elisione. Firenze: Tipografia de Barbèra.
RENZI, Lorenzo (1987), “Essor, transformation et mort d’une loi: la loi de Wackernagel”, in Mélanges offerts à Maurice Molho. Vol.III. Linguistique. Fontenay/Saint-Cloud: Les Cahiers de Fontenay 46-47-48, 291-302.
ROHLFS, Gerhard (1966), Grammatica Storica della Lingua Italiana e dei suoi Dialetti. Fonetica. Torino: Einaudi (Coll. Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi 148).
RONJAT, Jules (1930), Grammaire istorique des Parlers Provençaux Modernes. Tome I. Montpellier : Société des langues romanes.
RONJAT, Jules (1932), Grammaire istorique des Parlers Provençaux Modernes. Tome II. Montpellier : Société des langues romanes.
SANCHEZ MIRET, Fernando (1998a), La diptongación en las lenguas romanicas. München/Newcastle: Lincom Europa (Lincom Studies in Romance Linguistics 4).
SANCHEZ MIRET, Fernando (1998b), “Some reflections on the notion of diphthong”, in «Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics» 34, 27-51.
SASSE, Hans-Jürgen (1995), “‘Theticity’ and VS order: a case study”, in «Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung» 48 (1-2), 3-27.
SCHÜRR, Friedrich (1951), “La diptongación ibero-románica”, in «Revista de dialectologia y tradiciones populares» 7 (3), 379-390.
SCHÜRR, Friedrich (1956), “La diphtongaison romane”, in «Revue de Linguistique Romane» 20, 161-248.
SORNICOLA, Rosanna (1995a), “Theticity, VS Order and the Interplay of Syntax, Semantics and Pragmatics”, in «Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung» 48 (1-2), 72-83.
SORNICOLA, Rosanna (1995b), “La langue parlée et les pronoms sujets”, in Rika VAN DEYCK (ed.), Diachronie et variation linguistique. La Deixis temporelle, spatiale et personnelle. Gent: Communication & Cognition, 41-70.
SORNICOLA, Rosanna (2006), “Interaction of syntactic and pragmatic factors on basic word order in the languages of Europe”, in Giuliano BERNINI and Marcia L. SCHWARTZ (eds.), Pragmatic Organization of Discourse in the Languages of Europe. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 357-544.
SORRENTO, Luigi (1950), “L’enclisi italiana nella sua genesi e nei suoi sviluppi”, in Sintassi Romanza. Ricerche e prospettive. Varese/Milano : Cisalpino, 139-201.
STRAKA, Georges (1977), Les sons et les mots. Choix d’études de phonétique et de linguistique. Paris : Klincksieck.
TEKAVČIĆ, Pavao (1980), Grammatica storica dell’italiano. II. Morfosintassi, III. Lessico. Bologna: Il Mulino.
TESNIÈRE, Lucien (1980), Eléments de syntaxe structurale. Paris: Klincksieck.
ULLELAND, Magnus (1960), “Alcune osservazioni sulla legge ‘Tobler-Mussafia’”, in «Studia Neophilologica» 32 (1), 53-79.
USPENSKY, Boris A. and ZHIVOV, Viktor M. (1977), “Center – periphery opposition and language universals”, in «Linguistics» 196, 5-24.
VÄÄNÄNEN, Veikko (1981), Introduction au latin vulgaire. Paris: Klincksieck.
VANELLI, Laura (1998), I dialetti italiani settentrionali nel panorama romanzo. Studi di sintassi e morfologia. Roma: Bulzoni.
VIGNOLI, Carlo (1903), “Il vernacolo di Castro dei Volsci”, in «Studj Romanzi» 7, 117-296.
VIGNON, Louis (1899), “Les patois de la région lyonnaise. Les pronoms personnels. I. Les pronoms sujets”, in «Revue de Philologie Française et de Littérature» 13, 1-41.
WAGNER, Max L. (1907), “Le développement du latin EGO en sarde”, in «Romania» 36, 420-428.
WAGNER, Max L. (1941), Historische Lautlehre des Sardischen. Halle : Max Niemeyer (trad. it. de Giulio Paulis avec introduction et appendice, Fonetica storica del sardo. Cagliari : Gianni Trois Editore, 1984).
WALLENSKÖLD, Axel (1929), “Lat. ego en ancien français”, in «Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsingfors» 8, 311-318.
WANNER, Dieter (1981), “Clitic placement from Old to Modern Italian: morphologization of a syntactic rule”, in William W. CRESSEY and Donna Jo NAPOLI (eds.), Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages. Washington D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 331-348.
WANNER, Dieter (1987), “Clitic pronouns in Italian: a linguistic guide”, in «Italica» 64 (3), 410-442.
WIESE, Berthold (1904), Altitalienisches elementarbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
ZANNONI, Giovanni Battista (1825), Saggio di scherzi comici. Seconda edizione corretta ed accresciuta di due commedie. Firenze: Stamperia del Giglio.
ZEHLE, Heinrich (1885), Laut- und Flexionslehre in Dante’s Divina Commedia. Marburg: Universitäts-Buchdruckerei.
Published
2014-12-31
How to Cite
Floricic, F. (2014). Notule sur le pronom de première personne du singulier io chez Dante Alighieri. Rhesis. International Journal of Linguistics, Philology and Literature, 5(1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.13125/rhesis/5581
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Articoli
