«Ciò che non ho potuto dire come pittore, l’ho detto come poeta, e ciò che non ho potuto dire come poeta, l’ho detto come romanziere». Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā e i percorsi della creatività
Parole chiave:
Modernismo, esilio, creatività, innovazione, identità
Abstract
Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā, poeta, narratore, pittore, traduttore, critico letterario e d’arte, è stato uno degli esponenti più significativi nel panorama culturale del Novecento arabo. Cristiano palestinese, esule in Iraq, ha espresso i diversi aspetti di se stesso attraverso medium differenti, ciascuno in sostegno dell’altro in un continuo impegno creativo. Autore di racconti, romanzi e poesie, ha introdotto in ambiente arabo opere di Shakespeare, Beckett e Faulkner, e ha partecipato alla nascita e allo sviluppo del Modernismo arabo sia in letteratura sia in pittura. Membro del Gruppo d’arte moderna di Baghdad, ha affrontato il tema dell’identità, dando forma a un’estetica verbale e figurativa dell’esperienza dell’esilio e della costruzione della nazione in chiave esistenzialista e promuovendo un attivismo progressista che ha recuperato le radici della civiltà e della tradizione, ma che si è opposto a un quiescente tradizionalismo. Mediante una rilettura di ciò che ha prodotto cimentandosi in vari ambiti, questo articolo si pone l’obiettivo di tracciare una mappa dei percorsi creativi di Ǧabrā.
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Riferimenti bibliografici
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AL-KHALIL, Samir, The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1991.
ĀL SAʽĪD, Šākir Ḥ., al-Bayānāt al-fanniyya fī al-‘Irāq, Baghdad, Wizārat aṯ-Ṯaqāfa wa l-I‘lām, 1973.
AVALLONE, Lucia, “Conflitti e letteratura, gli anni della decostruzione”, «Elephant & Castle. Laboratorio dell’immaginario», 7 (ottobre 2012), pp. 5-33.
BOULLATA, Issa J., “Living with the tigress and the muses”, «World Literature Today», 75.2 (Spring 2001), pp. 214-223.
CAMERA D’AFFLITTO, Isabella, Cento anni di cultura palestinese, Roma, Carocci, 2007.
CAMERA D’AFFLITTO, Isabella, Letteratura araba contemporanea. Dalla nahḍah ad oggi, Roma, Carocci, 1998.
ELGIBALI, Alaa, HARLOW, Barbara, JABRA, Jabra I., “Jabra Jabra’s Interpoetics: An Interview with Jabra Ibrahim Jabra”, «Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics», 1 (Spring 1981), pp. 49-55.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Ṣurāḫ fī layl ṭawīl, Beirut, Dār al-Ādāb, 1948.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., ‘Araq wa-qiṣaṣ uḫrā, Beirut, Dār al-ahliyya, 1956.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., al-Madār al-muġlaq, Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al- arabiyya li-ṭ-ṭibā a wa n-našr, 1964.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Dhia al-Azzawi, Beirut, Gallery One, 1969.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Ṣayyādūn fī šāri‘ ḍayyiq, Muḥammad ‘Aṣfūr (translation by), Beirut, Dār al-Ādāb, 1974.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., al-Baḥṯ ‘an Walīd Mas‘ūd, Beirut, Maktabat aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ, 1978.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., MUNĪF ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān, ‘Ālam bilā ḫarā’iṭ, Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al- ‘arabiyya li-d-dirāsāt wa-n-našr, 1980.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Tammūz fī al-madīna, Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al-‘arabiyya li-d-dirāsāt wa-n-našr, 1981.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., al-Fann wa-l-ḥulm wa-l-fiʽl, Baghdad, Wizārat aṯ-Ṯaqāfa wa-l-I‘lām, 1985.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., al-Ġuraf al-uḫrā, Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al-‘arabiyya li-d-dirāsāt wa-n našr, 1986.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., al-Maǧmū‘āt aš-ši‘riyya al-kāmila, London, Riyad El-Rayyes Books, 1990.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Aqni‘at al-ḥaqīqa wa-aqni‘at al-ḫayāl, Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al- ‘arabiyya li-d-dirāsāt wa-n-našr, 1992.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., as-Safīna, Beirut, Dār an-nahār, 1970, trad. it. di Monica Falsi, La nave, Roma, Jouvence, 1994.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Arā kitāb ǧamīl: rasā’il Ǧabrā ilā Māhir al-Kayyāli (1981-1994), Māhir al-Kayyāli (ed.), Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al-‘arabiyya li-d-dirāsāt wa-n-našr, 1996.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Ṯalāṯat šu‘arā’ wa-ṣiḥāfī: rasā’il Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā, Yūsuf al Ḫāl, Tawfīq Ṣā iġ ilā Riyāḍ Naǧīb ar-Rayyis, Riyāḍ NAǦĪB AR-RAYYIS (ed.), London, Riyad El-Rayyes Books, 1996.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., at-Taǧriba al-ǧamīla: rasā’il Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā ilā ‘Īsā Bullāṭa min 1966 ilā 1994, Issa J. BOULLATA (ed.), Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al-‘arabiyya li-d dirāsāt wa-n-našr, 2001.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Šāri‘ al-amīrāt: fuṣūl min sīra ḏātiyya, Beirut, Dār al-Ādāb, 2007.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., al-Bi’r al-ūlā: fuṣūl min sīra ḏātiyya, London, Riyad El-Rayyes Books, 1987, trad. it. di Wasim Dahmash, I pozzi di Betlemme, Roma, Edizioni Q, 2015.
GREENBERG, Nathaniel, “Political Modernism, Jabrā, and the Baghdad Modern Art Group”, «CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture», 12.2 (2010), pp. 1-12.
JABRA, Jabra I., Hunters in a narrow street, London, Heinemann, 1960.
JABRA, Jabra I., “L’art irakien contemporain”, «Ishtar: Orient-Occident», 12-13 (1962), pp. 346-348.
JABRA, Jabra I., “Modern Arabic Literature and the West”, «Journal of Arabic Literature», 2 (1971), pp. 76-91.
JABRA, Jabra I., “The Palestinian Exile as Writer”, «Journal of Palestine Studies», 8.2 (Winter 1979), pp. 77-87.
JABRA, Jabra I., The Grass Roots of Iraqi Art, St. Helier, Wasit Graphic and Publishing, 1983.
JABRA, Jabra I., The ship, translation by Adnan Haydar and Roger Allen, Colorado Springs, Three Continents Press, 1985.
JABRA, Jabra I., A Celebration of Life. Essays on Literature and Art, Baghdad, Dar al-Ma’mun, 1988.
JABRA, Jabra I., The Journals of Sarab Affan, translation by Ghassan Nasr, Syracuse, New York, Syracuse University Press, 2007.
JAYYUSI, Salma Kh., “Modernist poetry in Arabic”, in Badawi (ed.), The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature - Modern Arabic Literature, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 132-179.
KLEMM, Verena “Commitment, in modern Arabic literature”, in Kate FLEET, Gudrun KRÄMER, Denis MATRINGE, John NAWAS, Everett ROWSON (eds.) Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three Online, Leiden, Brill, 2007.
MEJCHER-ATASSI, Sonja, Reading Across Modern Arabic Literature and Art: Three Case Studies: Jabra Ibrahim Jabra, Abd al-Rahman Munif, Etel Adnan, Wiesbaden, Reichert, 2013.
MEYER, Stefan G., The Experimental Arabic Novel, Albany, State University of New York Press, 2001.
MUNĪF, ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān (ed.), al-Qalaq wa-tamǧīd al-ḥayāt: kitāb takrīm Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā, Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al-‘arabiyya li-d-dirāsāt wa-n-našr, 1995.
SHADID, Anthony, “In Baghdad Ruins, Remains of a Cultural Bridge”, «The New York Times», (May 21, 2010),.
SIBILIO, Simone, Nakba. La memoria letteraria della catastrofe palestinese, Roma, Edizioni Q, 2013.
iyā’al-‘Azzāwī, Noah’s Ship (dipinto a olio), 1968.
iyā’al-‘Azzāwī, Scattered Words (dipinto a olio), 1971.
Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā, Untitled (dipinto a olio), 1947.
Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā, Self Portrait (dipinto a olio), 1946; Ǧabrā, The Girl and the Poppies (dipinto a olio), 1945.
Ǧawād Salīm, Liberty Monument (struttura in marmo e bronzo), Baghdad.
Fā’iq Ḥasan, Fisherman (dipinto a olio), 1958.
Ǧawād Salīm, The Gardener (dipinto a olio), ca. 1950.
Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā, Ḥālat ḥulm (dipinto a olio), 1946. .
Aḍ- urūbī, Untitled (dipinto a gouache), 1960, in Modern Arab Masters, Grosvenor Gallery Catalogue, 2012, p. 30.
Jeff B. Harmon, Saddam’s Iraq (documentario), 1991.
Telepace Holy Land TV, Jabra, insolita mostra di pittura (video), 2013.
AL-KHALIL, Samir, The Monument: Art, Vulgarity, and Responsibility in Iraq, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1991.
ĀL SAʽĪD, Šākir Ḥ., al-Bayānāt al-fanniyya fī al-‘Irāq, Baghdad, Wizārat aṯ-Ṯaqāfa wa l-I‘lām, 1973.
AVALLONE, Lucia, “Conflitti e letteratura, gli anni della decostruzione”, «Elephant & Castle. Laboratorio dell’immaginario», 7 (ottobre 2012), pp. 5-33.
BOULLATA, Issa J., “Living with the tigress and the muses”, «World Literature Today», 75.2 (Spring 2001), pp. 214-223.
CAMERA D’AFFLITTO, Isabella, Cento anni di cultura palestinese, Roma, Carocci, 2007.
CAMERA D’AFFLITTO, Isabella, Letteratura araba contemporanea. Dalla nahḍah ad oggi, Roma, Carocci, 1998.
ELGIBALI, Alaa, HARLOW, Barbara, JABRA, Jabra I., “Jabra Jabra’s Interpoetics: An Interview with Jabra Ibrahim Jabra”, «Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics», 1 (Spring 1981), pp. 49-55.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Ṣurāḫ fī layl ṭawīl, Beirut, Dār al-Ādāb, 1948.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., ‘Araq wa-qiṣaṣ uḫrā, Beirut, Dār al-ahliyya, 1956.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., al-Madār al-muġlaq, Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al- arabiyya li-ṭ-ṭibā a wa n-našr, 1964.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Dhia al-Azzawi, Beirut, Gallery One, 1969.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Ṣayyādūn fī šāri‘ ḍayyiq, Muḥammad ‘Aṣfūr (translation by), Beirut, Dār al-Ādāb, 1974.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., al-Baḥṯ ‘an Walīd Mas‘ūd, Beirut, Maktabat aš-Šarq al-Awsaṭ, 1978.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., MUNĪF ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān, ‘Ālam bilā ḫarā’iṭ, Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al- ‘arabiyya li-d-dirāsāt wa-n-našr, 1980.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Tammūz fī al-madīna, Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al-‘arabiyya li-d-dirāsāt wa-n-našr, 1981.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., al-Fann wa-l-ḥulm wa-l-fiʽl, Baghdad, Wizārat aṯ-Ṯaqāfa wa-l-I‘lām, 1985.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., al-Ġuraf al-uḫrā, Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al-‘arabiyya li-d-dirāsāt wa-n našr, 1986.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., al-Maǧmū‘āt aš-ši‘riyya al-kāmila, London, Riyad El-Rayyes Books, 1990.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Aqni‘at al-ḥaqīqa wa-aqni‘at al-ḫayāl, Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al- ‘arabiyya li-d-dirāsāt wa-n-našr, 1992.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., as-Safīna, Beirut, Dār an-nahār, 1970, trad. it. di Monica Falsi, La nave, Roma, Jouvence, 1994.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Arā kitāb ǧamīl: rasā’il Ǧabrā ilā Māhir al-Kayyāli (1981-1994), Māhir al-Kayyāli (ed.), Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al-‘arabiyya li-d-dirāsāt wa-n-našr, 1996.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Ṯalāṯat šu‘arā’ wa-ṣiḥāfī: rasā’il Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā, Yūsuf al Ḫāl, Tawfīq Ṣā iġ ilā Riyāḍ Naǧīb ar-Rayyis, Riyāḍ NAǦĪB AR-RAYYIS (ed.), London, Riyad El-Rayyes Books, 1996.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., at-Taǧriba al-ǧamīla: rasā’il Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā ilā ‘Īsā Bullāṭa min 1966 ilā 1994, Issa J. BOULLATA (ed.), Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al-‘arabiyya li-d dirāsāt wa-n-našr, 2001.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., Šāri‘ al-amīrāt: fuṣūl min sīra ḏātiyya, Beirut, Dār al-Ādāb, 2007.
ǦABRĀ, Ǧabrā I., al-Bi’r al-ūlā: fuṣūl min sīra ḏātiyya, London, Riyad El-Rayyes Books, 1987, trad. it. di Wasim Dahmash, I pozzi di Betlemme, Roma, Edizioni Q, 2015.
GREENBERG, Nathaniel, “Political Modernism, Jabrā, and the Baghdad Modern Art Group”, «CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture», 12.2 (2010), pp. 1-12.
JABRA, Jabra I., Hunters in a narrow street, London, Heinemann, 1960.
JABRA, Jabra I., “L’art irakien contemporain”, «Ishtar: Orient-Occident», 12-13 (1962), pp. 346-348.
JABRA, Jabra I., “Modern Arabic Literature and the West”, «Journal of Arabic Literature», 2 (1971), pp. 76-91.
JABRA, Jabra I., “The Palestinian Exile as Writer”, «Journal of Palestine Studies», 8.2 (Winter 1979), pp. 77-87.
JABRA, Jabra I., The Grass Roots of Iraqi Art, St. Helier, Wasit Graphic and Publishing, 1983.
JABRA, Jabra I., The ship, translation by Adnan Haydar and Roger Allen, Colorado Springs, Three Continents Press, 1985.
JABRA, Jabra I., A Celebration of Life. Essays on Literature and Art, Baghdad, Dar al-Ma’mun, 1988.
JABRA, Jabra I., The Journals of Sarab Affan, translation by Ghassan Nasr, Syracuse, New York, Syracuse University Press, 2007.
JAYYUSI, Salma Kh., “Modernist poetry in Arabic”, in Badawi (ed.), The Cambridge History of Arabic Literature - Modern Arabic Literature, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 132-179.
KLEMM, Verena “Commitment, in modern Arabic literature”, in Kate FLEET, Gudrun KRÄMER, Denis MATRINGE, John NAWAS, Everett ROWSON (eds.) Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three Online, Leiden, Brill, 2007.
MEJCHER-ATASSI, Sonja, Reading Across Modern Arabic Literature and Art: Three Case Studies: Jabra Ibrahim Jabra, Abd al-Rahman Munif, Etel Adnan, Wiesbaden, Reichert, 2013.
MEYER, Stefan G., The Experimental Arabic Novel, Albany, State University of New York Press, 2001.
MUNĪF, ‘Abd ar-Raḥmān (ed.), al-Qalaq wa-tamǧīd al-ḥayāt: kitāb takrīm Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā, Beirut, al-Mu’assasa al-‘arabiyya li-d-dirāsāt wa-n-našr, 1995.
SHADID, Anthony, “In Baghdad Ruins, Remains of a Cultural Bridge”, «The New York Times», (May 21, 2010),
SIBILIO, Simone, Nakba. La memoria letteraria della catastrofe palestinese, Roma, Edizioni Q, 2013.
iyā’al-‘Azzāwī, Noah’s Ship (dipinto a olio), 1968.
iyā’al-‘Azzāwī, Scattered Words (dipinto a olio), 1971.
Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā, Untitled (dipinto a olio), 1947.
Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā, Self Portrait (dipinto a olio), 1946; Ǧabrā, The Girl and the Poppies (dipinto a olio), 1945.
Ǧawād Salīm, Liberty Monument (struttura in marmo e bronzo), Baghdad.
Fā’iq Ḥasan, Fisherman (dipinto a olio), 1958.
Ǧawād Salīm, The Gardener (dipinto a olio), ca. 1950.
Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā, Ḥālat ḥulm (dipinto a olio), 1946. .
Aḍ- urūbī, Untitled (dipinto a gouache), 1960, in Modern Arab Masters, Grosvenor Gallery Catalogue, 2012, p. 30.
Jeff B. Harmon, Saddam’s Iraq (documentario), 1991.
Telepace Holy Land TV, Jabra, insolita mostra di pittura (video), 2013.
Pubblicato
2016-12-31
Come citare
Avallone, L. (2016). «Ciò che non ho potuto dire come pittore, l’ho detto come poeta, e ciò che non ho potuto dire come poeta, l’ho detto come romanziere». Ǧabrā Ibrāhīm Ǧabrā e i percorsi della creatività. Rhesis. International Journal of Linguistics, Philology and Literature, 7(2), 18-35. https://doi.org/10.13125/rhesis/5567
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