Locus a simili: l’allegoria metaforica tra modelli analogici e pragmatica del linguaggio
Keywords:
simile, analogical reasoning, prototypes, psychagogy
Abstract
This article aims to explain the wide diffusion of the simile (similitudo) in texts with psychagogic purposes, be they literary, political, etc. Given that similes can be non-metaphoric, this article only focuses on the metaphoric similes which represent animals in fables. It is argued that the abovementioned diffusion is a consequence of the great efficacy of the simile in affecting reasoning based on analogical models as well as the cognitive components of attitudes and stereotypes.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
ABBOTT, Barbara (2010), Reference. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ADRADOS, Francisco Rodriguez (1999-2003), History of the Graeco-Latin Fable (three volumes; vol. 3: supplemented and edited by the author and Gert-Jan van Dijk; indices by Gert-Jan van Dijk). Leiden & Boston: Brill Academic Publishers.
AIKHENVALD, Alexandra (2000), Classifiers. A Typology of Noun Categorization Devices. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ALLPORT, Gordon W. (1954), The Nature of Prejudice. Cambridge (Mass.), Addison (trad.it. La natura del pregiudizio. Firenze: La Nuova Italia, 1973).
ANOLLI, Luigi (2006), Fondamenti di psicologia della comunicazione. Bologna: Il Mulino.
ARCURI, Luciano e Maria Rosaria CADINU (1998), Gli stereotipi. Bologna: Il Mulino.
ARMSTRONG, Sharon Lee, Lila R. GLEITMAN and Henry GLEITMAN (1983), “What some concepts might not be”, «Cognition», 13, 263-308.
ASCH, Solomon E. (1946), “Forming Impressions of Personality”, «Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology», 41, 258-290.
ASCH, Solomon E. (1958), “The Methaphor: a Psychological Inquiry”, in Renato TAGIURI and Luigi PETRULLO (Eds.), Person Perception and Intepersonal Behaviour. Stanford University Press: Stanford, California, 86-94.
ATRAN, Scott e Douglas L. MEDIN (2008), The Native Mind and the Cultural Construction of Nature. Cambridge (MA): Cambridge University Press.
BARGH, John A. (19942), “The Four Horsemen of Automaticity: Awareness, Intention, Efficiency, Control in Social Cognition”, in Robert S. WYER, Thomas K. SRULL (Eds.), Handbook of Social Cognition. Vol. 1. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1-40.
BAYET, Jean (éd.) (19617), Tite-Live. Histoire Romaine. Tome I, livre 1. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.
BRESCIANI, Edda (20074), Letteratura e poesia dell’antico Egitto. Torino: Einaudi.
BONFANTINI, Massimo A. (1987), La semiosi. Milano: Bompiani.
BONOMI, Andrea (a cura di), (1973), La struttura logica del linguaggio. Milano: Bompiani.
BOYD, Richard e Thomas S. KUHN (1983), La metafora nella scienza (a cura di L. Muraro, trad. it. di Libero Sosio). Milano: Feltrinelli.
BROWN, Rupert (20102), Prejudice: Its Social Psychology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
CAROLI, Flavio (19982), Storia della fisiognomica. Arte e psicologia da Leonardo a Freud. Milano: Leonardo.
CATTANI, Adelino (2008), “Introduzione”, in Adelino CATTANI, Paola CANTÙ, Italo TESTA e Paolo VIDALI (a cura di), La svolta argomentativa. 50 anni dopo Perelman e Toulmin. Napoli: Loffredo, 9-40.
CENTINI, Massimo (1999), Fisiognomica. Nei segni del volto i destini dell’uomo. Como: Red.
DEHGHANI, Morteza, Dedre GENTNER, Ken FORBUS, Hamed EKHTIARI, Sonya SACHDEVA (2009), “Analogy and moral decision making”, in B. KOKINOV, K. HOLYOAK & D. GENTNER (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analogy. Sofia, Bulgaria: NBU Press.
DEHGHANI, Morteza, Sonya SACHDEVA, Hamed EKHTIARI, Dedre GENTNER and Ken FORBUS (2009), “The role of cultural narratives in moral decision making”, in Niels A. TAATGEN & Hedderik VAN RIJN (Eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society.
DEVINE, Patricia G. (1989), “Stereotypes and Prejudice: Their Automatic and Controlled Components”, «Journal of Personality and Social Psychology», 56 (1): 5-18.
DEVOS, Thierry, Que-Lam HUYNH and Mahzarin R. BANAJI (20122), “Implicit self and identity” in Mark R. LEARY; June Price TANGNEY (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity. New York: Guilford Press, 164-165.
DIJKSTERHUIS, Ap (2001), “Automatic social influence: The perception-behavior links as an explanatory mechanism for behavior matching”. In Joseph P. FORGAS, Kipling D. WILLIAMS (Eds.), Social influence: direct and indirect processes. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press, 99-100.
DONADONI, Sergio (1955), Storia della letteratura egiziana antica. Milano: Nuova Accademia.
DUNBAR, Kevin (1995), “How scientists really reason: Scientific reasoning in realworld Laboratories”, in R. Janet STERNBERG and Robert J. DAVIDSON (Eds.). The nature of insight. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 365-395.
ECO, Umberto (19942), Semiotica e filosofia del linguaggio. Torino: Einaudi.
ECO, Umberto (1997), Kant e l’ornitorinco. Milano: Bompiani.
ECO, Umberto (2007), Dall’albero al labirinto. Studi storici sul segno e l’interpretazione. Milano: Bompiani.
EYSENCK, Michael W. (Ed.) (1990), The Blackwell Dictionary of Cognitive Psychology. Oxford, Blackwell (ed. it.: Dizionario di psicologia cognitiva, Roma-Bari: Laterza, 1994).
EYSENCK, Michael W. e Mark KEANE (1998), Manuale di psicologia cognitiva. Milano: Sorbona (ed. or.: Cognitive Psychology. A Student’s Handbook. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990).
FREGE, Glottob (1892), “Sinn und Bedeutung”, «Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik», 100, 25-50.
GALLI, Ida (2006), La teoria delle rappresentazioni sociali. Bologna: Il Mulino.
GARDINER, Alan H. (1932), Late Egyptian Stories. Bruxelles: Édition de la Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth.
GEERAERTS, Dirk (1986), “On necessary and sufficient conditions”, «Journal of Semantics», 5 (4), 275-291.
GEERAERTS, Dirk (1989), “Prospects and problems of prototype theory”, «Linguistics», 27 (4), 587-612.
GENTNER, Dedre (1983), “Structure-mapping: A Theoretical Framework”, «Cognitve Science», 7, 155-170.
GENTNER, Dedre (1994), “Analogie” in Michael W. EYSENCK (Ed.), Dizionario di psicologia cognitiva. Roma-Bari: Laterza, 10b-13a (ed. or.: The Blackwell Dictionary of Cognitive Psychology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990).
GENTNER, Dedre (2002), “Analogy in scientific discovery: The case of Johannes Kepler”. In Lorenzo MAGNANI and Nancy J. NERSESSIAN (Eds.), Model-based reasoning: Science, technology, values. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher, 21-39.
GENTNER, Dedre (2011), “The learning of mind: How do you figure out what a mind is? metaphors for mind”, «Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society», 48-49.
GENTNER, Dedre, Brian F. BOWDLE, Phillip WOLFF, and Consuelo BORONAT (2001), “Metaphor is like analogy”, in Dedre GENTNER, Keith J. HOLYOAK, and Boicho N. KOKINOV (Eds.), The analogical mind: Perspectives from cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 199-253.
GENTNER, Dedre and Linsey A. SMITH (2013). “Analogical learning and reasoning”, in Daniel REISBERG (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of Cognitive Psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 668-681.
GERGEN, Kenneth J. and Mary M. GERGEN (19862), Social Psychology. New York: Springer (trad. it. di C. Spinoglio: Psicologia sociale. Bologna: Il Mulino).
GREIMAS, Algirdas Julien (1966), Sémantique structurale: recherche de methode. Paris: Larousse.
GREIMAS, Algirdas Julien (1973 [1987]), “Actants, Actors, and Figures”, in On Meaning: Selected Writings in Semiotic Theory. Trans. Paul J. Perron and Frank H. Collins. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 106-120.
GRINEVALD, Colette (2000), “A morphosyntactic typology of classifier”, in Gunther SENFT (Ed.), Systems of nominal classification. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 50-92.
GRINEVALD, Colette (2004), “Classifiers” in Geert BOOIJ, Christian LEHMANN and Joachim MUGDAN (Eds.), Morphology. An international handbook on inflection and word-formation, Berlin & New York: de Gruyter, 2, 1016-1031.
HASPELMATH, Martin (2010), “Comparative concepts and descriptive categories in crosslinguistic studies, «Language», 86 (3), 663-687.
HASPELMATH, Martin and Oda BUCHHOLZ (1998), “Equative and similative constructions in the languages of Europe”, in Johan VAN DER AUWERA (Ed.), Adverbial constructions in the languages of Europe. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 277- 334. (Empirical Approaches to Language Typology/EUROTYP, 20-3.)
HEIDER, Fritz (1958), The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: John Wiley & Sons (trad. it. di M. Baccianini: Psicologia delle relazioni interpersonali. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1972).
HENKELMANN, Peter (2006), “Constructions of equative comparison”, «Sprachtypologie und Universlien Forschung (STUF)», 59 (4), 370-398.
HJELMSLEV, Louis Trolle (1943), Omkring sprogteoriens grundlaeggelse. Copenhagen, Akademisk forlag (trad. it.: I fondamenti della teoria del linguaggio. Introduzione di Giulio C. Lepschy. Torino: Einaudi, 1968).
HOLYOAK, Keith J. and Paul THAGARD (1995), Mental Leaps. Analogy in Creative Thought. Cambridge (Mass.): The MIT Press.
HOLYOAK, Keith J. (1985), “The pragmatics of analogical transfer”, in Gordon H. BOWER (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation. New York: Academic Press, 1974, vol. 19, 59-87.
HOLZBERG, Niklas (2002), The Ancient Fable: An Introduction, translated by Christine Jackson-Holzberg. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
JAMESON, Jason and Dedre GENTNER (2008), “Causal status and explanatory goodness in categorization” in Bradley LOVE, Ken MCRAE, and Vladimir SLOUTSKY (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society, 291-296.
KEANE, Mark (1985), “On drawing analogies when solving problems: A theory and test of solution generation in an analogical problem solving task”, «British Journal of Psychology», 76, 449-458.
KEANE, Mark T. (1988), Analogical problem solving. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood (New York: Wiley).
KELLEY, Harold H. (1950), “The Warm-Cold Variable in First Impression of Persons”, «Journal of Personality», 18, 431-439.
KLEIBER, Georges (1990), La sémantique du prototype. Catégories et sens lexical. Paris: PUF.
KRETCH, David, Richard S. CRUTCHFIELD and Egerton L. BALLACHEY (1962), Individual in Society: a Textbook of Social Psychology. New York: Mc Graw-Hill Book Company (trad. it. di A. M. Asprea: Individuo e società. Firenze: Giunti Barbera, 1970).
KRIPKE, Saul (1972), “Naming and Necessity” in Donald DAVIDSON and Gilbert HARMAN (Eds.), Semantics of Natural Language. Dordrecht: Reidel, 253-355, 763- 769.
KRIPKE, Saul (1980), Naming and necessity. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press.
LAKOFF, George and Mark JOHNSON (1980), Metaphors We Live By. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.
LAUSBERG, Heinrich (1967), Elemente der literarischen Rhetorik. München: Max Hueber (trad.it. di L. Ritter Santini: Elementi di retorica. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1969).
LEPORE, Lorella and Rupert BROWN (1997), “Category and Stereotype Activation: Is Prejudice Inevitable?”, «Journal of Personality and Social Psychology», 72 (2), 275- 287.
LEPSCHY, Giulio (2006), “Semantica: le strutture” in Alessandro LAUDANNA e Miriam VOGHERA (a cura di), Il linguaggio. Strutture linguistiche e processi cognitivi. Roma & Bari: Laterza, 170-188.
LEVI-STRAUSS, Claude (1962), La pensée sauvage. Paris: Plon (trad.it. di Paolo Caruso: Il pensiero selvaggio. Milano: Mondadori, 1990).
MAASS, Anne and Luciano ARCURI, L. (1996), “Language and stereotyping” in C. Neil MACRAE, Charles STANGOR and Miles HEWSTONE (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping. New York: Guilford, 193-226.
MAGNANI, Lorenzo (2009), Abductive Cognition. The Epistemological and Eco- Cognitive Dimensions of Hypothetical Reasoning. Heidelberg & Berlin: Springer.
MAGNANI, Lorenzo (1997), Ingegnerie della conoscenza. Milano: Marcos y Marcos.
MANNONI, Pierre (1998), Les représentations sociales. Paris: PUF. [Citato in GALLI 2006, 71]
MARCONI, Diego (1995), “Filosofia del linguaggio” in Paolo ROSSI (a cura di), La filosofia. Vol. I: Le filosofie speciali. Torino: UTET, 365-460.
MCGARTY, Craig (2002), “Stereotype formation as category formation” in Craig MCGARTY, Vincent Y. YZERBYT and Russel SPEARS (Eds.), Stereotypes as explanations: The formation of meaningful beliefs about social groups. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 16-37.
MCGARTY, Craig (2002), Categorization in social psychology. London: Thousand Oaks & New Delhi, Sage Publications, Inc.
MCGARTY, Craig, Vincent Y. YZERBYT and Russel SPEARS (2002a), “Social, cultural and cognitive factors in stereotype formation” in Craig MCGARTY, Vincent Y. YZERBYT and Russel SPEARS (Eds.), Stereotypes as explanations: The formation of meaningful beliefs about social groups. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1- 15.
MCGARTY, Craig, Vincent Y. YZERBYT and Russel SPEARS (Eds.) (2002b), Stereotypes as explanations: The formation of meaningful beliefs about social groups. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
MEDIN, Douglas L. and Scott ATRAN (1999), Folkbiology. Cambridge (MA): Cambridge University Press.
MINNAMEIER, Gerhard (2010a), “The logicality of abduction, deduction, and induction” in Matt BERGMAN, Samo PAAVOLA, Ahti-Veikko PIETARINEN, Henrik RYDENFELT (Eds.), Ideas in Action: Proceedings of the Applying Peirce Conference. Helsinki: Nordic Pragmatism Network, 239-251.
MINNAMEIER, Gerhard (2010b), “Abduction, induction, and analogy – On the compound character of analogical inferences” in Lorenzo MAGNANI, Walter CARNIELLI, Claudio PIZZI (Eds.), Model-based reasoning in science and technology: Abduction, logic, and computational discovery. Heidelberg & Berlin: Springer, 107-119.
MORTARA GARAVELLI, Bice (1989), Manuale di retorica. Milano: Bompiani.
MOSCOVICI, Serge (1961, 1976), La psychanalyse, son image et son public. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
MOSCOVICI, Serge (1984), “The phenomenon of social representations” in Robert M. FARR and Serge MOSCOVICI (Eds.), Social Representations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
NERSESSIAN, Nancy J. (1984), Faraday to Einstein: Constructing meaning in scientific theories. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Nijhoff.
OPERARIO, Din and Susan T. FISKE (2001), “Causes and Consequences of Stereotypes in Organizations” in Manuel LONDON (Ed.), How People Evaluate Others in Organizations. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 45-62.
PEETERS, Bert (2000), “Setting the scene: Some recent milestones in the lexicon-encyclopedia”, in Bert PEETERS (Ed.), The lexiconencyclopedia interface. Amsterdam, Lausanne, New York, Oxford, Shannon, Singapore & Tokyo: Elsevier, 1-52.
PEIRCE, Charles Sanders (1931-1958), Collected Papers. Ed. by Charles HARTSHORNE, Paul WEISS and Arthur W. BURKS. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press.
PEIRCE, Charles Sanders (1980), Semiotica. I fondamenti della semiotica cognitiva. Trad. it. di Massimo A. BONFANTINI, Letizia GRASSI e Roberto GRAZIA. Einaudi: Torino.
PÉPIN, Jean (2005 [1970]), “Allegoria” in Enciclopedia Dantesca. Vol. 5 (A-Au). Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 230-253.
PERELMAN, Chaïm and Lucie OLBRECHTS-TYTECA (1958), Traité de l’argumentation. La nouvelle rhétorique. Paris: PUF.
PICE, Nicola (2003), La similitudine nel poema epico: Omero, Apollonio Rodio, Virgilio, Ovidio, Lucano, Valerio Flacco, Stazio. Con un saggio di Giovanni Cipriani. Bari: Edipuglia.
PINTO, Immacolata (2008 [ma 2010]), “Sineddochi, metonimie e metafore”, «AION. Sezione Linguistica», 30-1, 63-86.
PÖSCHL, Viktor (1988), “Simbolistica, critica” in Virgilio: enciclopedia virgiliana. Vol. 4 (Pe-S). Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 862-865.
PRANDI, Michele (2004), The Building Blocks of Meaning Ideas for a philosophical grammar. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: Benjamins.
PRANDI, Michele (2008), “La metafora tra conflitto e coerenza: interazione, sostituzione, proiezione”, in Claudia CASADIO (a cura di), Vie della metafora: linguistica, filosofia, psicologia. Sulmona: Prime Vie, 9-52.
PUTNAM, Hilary (1975), Mind, language and reality. Philosophical papers. 2nd vol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 215-271.
PUTZU, Ignazio (2000), Il soprannome. Per uno studio multidisciplinare della nominazione. Cagliari: CUEC.
SCHENK, Josef (19904), “Stereotipo” in Wilhelm ARNOLD, Hans Jürgen EYSENCK and Richard MEILI (Eds.), Dizionario di Psicologia. Torino: Edizioni Paoline, 1133-1134 (ed. or.: Lexikon der Psychologie. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder KG, n.e.).
SOLETTI, Elisabetta (1996a), “Allegoria” in Gian Luigi BECCARIA (a cura di), Dizionario a di linguistica e di filologia, metrica, retorica. 2 ediz. Torino: Einaudi, 37-38.
SOLETTI, Elisabetta (1996b), “Simbolo” in Gian Luigi BECCARIA (a cura di), Dizionario a di linguistica e di filologia, metrica, retorica. 2 ediz. Torino: Einaudi, 659-660.
TESNIÈRE, Lucien (1959), Éléments de syntaxe structural. Paris: Klincksieck.
TOULMIN, Stephen E. (1958), The Uses of Argument. London: Cambridge University Press.
TWENEY, Ryan D. (1991), “Faraday’s notebooks: the active organization of creative science”, «Physics Education», 26 (5), 301-306.
VAN DIJK, Gert-Jan (1997), Ainoi, Logoi, Mythoi: Fables in Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic Greek. Leiden & Boston: Brill Academic Publishers.
VIOLI, Patrizia (1997), Significato ed esperienza. Milano: Bompiani.
WHEELER, S. Christian and Richard E. PETTY (2001), “The Effects of Stereotype Activation on Behavior: A Review of Possible Mechanisms”, «Psychological Bulletin», 127 (6), 797-826. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
WOLFF, Phillip and Dedre GENTNER (2011), “Structure-Mapping in Metaphor Comprehension”, «Cognitive Science», 35, 1456-1488
ZHARIKOV, Sergey S. and Dedre GENTNER (2002), “Why do metaphors seem deeper than similes?” in Wayne D. GRAY and Christian D. SCHUNN (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Fairfax, VA: George Mason University, 976-981.
ADRADOS, Francisco Rodriguez (1999-2003), History of the Graeco-Latin Fable (three volumes; vol. 3: supplemented and edited by the author and Gert-Jan van Dijk; indices by Gert-Jan van Dijk). Leiden & Boston: Brill Academic Publishers.
AIKHENVALD, Alexandra (2000), Classifiers. A Typology of Noun Categorization Devices. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ALLPORT, Gordon W. (1954), The Nature of Prejudice. Cambridge (Mass.), Addison (trad.it. La natura del pregiudizio. Firenze: La Nuova Italia, 1973).
ANOLLI, Luigi (2006), Fondamenti di psicologia della comunicazione. Bologna: Il Mulino.
ARCURI, Luciano e Maria Rosaria CADINU (1998), Gli stereotipi. Bologna: Il Mulino.
ARMSTRONG, Sharon Lee, Lila R. GLEITMAN and Henry GLEITMAN (1983), “What some concepts might not be”, «Cognition», 13, 263-308.
ASCH, Solomon E. (1946), “Forming Impressions of Personality”, «Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology», 41, 258-290.
ASCH, Solomon E. (1958), “The Methaphor: a Psychological Inquiry”, in Renato TAGIURI and Luigi PETRULLO (Eds.), Person Perception and Intepersonal Behaviour. Stanford University Press: Stanford, California, 86-94.
ATRAN, Scott e Douglas L. MEDIN (2008), The Native Mind and the Cultural Construction of Nature. Cambridge (MA): Cambridge University Press.
BARGH, John A. (19942), “The Four Horsemen of Automaticity: Awareness, Intention, Efficiency, Control in Social Cognition”, in Robert S. WYER, Thomas K. SRULL (Eds.), Handbook of Social Cognition. Vol. 1. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1-40.
BAYET, Jean (éd.) (19617), Tite-Live. Histoire Romaine. Tome I, livre 1. Paris: Les Belles Lettres.
BRESCIANI, Edda (20074), Letteratura e poesia dell’antico Egitto. Torino: Einaudi.
BONFANTINI, Massimo A. (1987), La semiosi. Milano: Bompiani.
BONOMI, Andrea (a cura di), (1973), La struttura logica del linguaggio. Milano: Bompiani.
BOYD, Richard e Thomas S. KUHN (1983), La metafora nella scienza (a cura di L. Muraro, trad. it. di Libero Sosio). Milano: Feltrinelli.
BROWN, Rupert (20102), Prejudice: Its Social Psychology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
CAROLI, Flavio (19982), Storia della fisiognomica. Arte e psicologia da Leonardo a Freud. Milano: Leonardo.
CATTANI, Adelino (2008), “Introduzione”, in Adelino CATTANI, Paola CANTÙ, Italo TESTA e Paolo VIDALI (a cura di), La svolta argomentativa. 50 anni dopo Perelman e Toulmin. Napoli: Loffredo, 9-40.
CENTINI, Massimo (1999), Fisiognomica. Nei segni del volto i destini dell’uomo. Como: Red.
DEHGHANI, Morteza, Dedre GENTNER, Ken FORBUS, Hamed EKHTIARI, Sonya SACHDEVA (2009), “Analogy and moral decision making”, in B. KOKINOV, K. HOLYOAK & D. GENTNER (Eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Analogy. Sofia, Bulgaria: NBU Press.
DEHGHANI, Morteza, Sonya SACHDEVA, Hamed EKHTIARI, Dedre GENTNER and Ken FORBUS (2009), “The role of cultural narratives in moral decision making”, in Niels A. TAATGEN & Hedderik VAN RIJN (Eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society.
DEVINE, Patricia G. (1989), “Stereotypes and Prejudice: Their Automatic and Controlled Components”, «Journal of Personality and Social Psychology», 56 (1): 5-18.
DEVOS, Thierry, Que-Lam HUYNH and Mahzarin R. BANAJI (20122), “Implicit self and identity” in Mark R. LEARY; June Price TANGNEY (Eds.), Handbook of self and identity. New York: Guilford Press, 164-165.
DIJKSTERHUIS, Ap (2001), “Automatic social influence: The perception-behavior links as an explanatory mechanism for behavior matching”. In Joseph P. FORGAS, Kipling D. WILLIAMS (Eds.), Social influence: direct and indirect processes. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press, 99-100.
DONADONI, Sergio (1955), Storia della letteratura egiziana antica. Milano: Nuova Accademia.
DUNBAR, Kevin (1995), “How scientists really reason: Scientific reasoning in realworld Laboratories”, in R. Janet STERNBERG and Robert J. DAVIDSON (Eds.). The nature of insight. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 365-395.
ECO, Umberto (19942), Semiotica e filosofia del linguaggio. Torino: Einaudi.
ECO, Umberto (1997), Kant e l’ornitorinco. Milano: Bompiani.
ECO, Umberto (2007), Dall’albero al labirinto. Studi storici sul segno e l’interpretazione. Milano: Bompiani.
EYSENCK, Michael W. (Ed.) (1990), The Blackwell Dictionary of Cognitive Psychology. Oxford, Blackwell (ed. it.: Dizionario di psicologia cognitiva, Roma-Bari: Laterza, 1994).
EYSENCK, Michael W. e Mark KEANE (1998), Manuale di psicologia cognitiva. Milano: Sorbona (ed. or.: Cognitive Psychology. A Student’s Handbook. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1990).
FREGE, Glottob (1892), “Sinn und Bedeutung”, «Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik», 100, 25-50.
GALLI, Ida (2006), La teoria delle rappresentazioni sociali. Bologna: Il Mulino.
GARDINER, Alan H. (1932), Late Egyptian Stories. Bruxelles: Édition de la Fondation Égyptologique Reine Élisabeth.
GEERAERTS, Dirk (1986), “On necessary and sufficient conditions”, «Journal of Semantics», 5 (4), 275-291.
GEERAERTS, Dirk (1989), “Prospects and problems of prototype theory”, «Linguistics», 27 (4), 587-612.
GENTNER, Dedre (1983), “Structure-mapping: A Theoretical Framework”, «Cognitve Science», 7, 155-170.
GENTNER, Dedre (1994), “Analogie” in Michael W. EYSENCK (Ed.), Dizionario di psicologia cognitiva. Roma-Bari: Laterza, 10b-13a (ed. or.: The Blackwell Dictionary of Cognitive Psychology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990).
GENTNER, Dedre (2002), “Analogy in scientific discovery: The case of Johannes Kepler”. In Lorenzo MAGNANI and Nancy J. NERSESSIAN (Eds.), Model-based reasoning: Science, technology, values. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publisher, 21-39.
GENTNER, Dedre (2011), “The learning of mind: How do you figure out what a mind is? metaphors for mind”, «Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society», 48-49.
GENTNER, Dedre, Brian F. BOWDLE, Phillip WOLFF, and Consuelo BORONAT (2001), “Metaphor is like analogy”, in Dedre GENTNER, Keith J. HOLYOAK, and Boicho N. KOKINOV (Eds.), The analogical mind: Perspectives from cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 199-253.
GENTNER, Dedre and Linsey A. SMITH (2013). “Analogical learning and reasoning”, in Daniel REISBERG (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of Cognitive Psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 668-681.
GERGEN, Kenneth J. and Mary M. GERGEN (19862), Social Psychology. New York: Springer (trad. it. di C. Spinoglio: Psicologia sociale. Bologna: Il Mulino).
GREIMAS, Algirdas Julien (1966), Sémantique structurale: recherche de methode. Paris: Larousse.
GREIMAS, Algirdas Julien (1973 [1987]), “Actants, Actors, and Figures”, in On Meaning: Selected Writings in Semiotic Theory. Trans. Paul J. Perron and Frank H. Collins. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 106-120.
GRINEVALD, Colette (2000), “A morphosyntactic typology of classifier”, in Gunther SENFT (Ed.), Systems of nominal classification. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 50-92.
GRINEVALD, Colette (2004), “Classifiers” in Geert BOOIJ, Christian LEHMANN and Joachim MUGDAN (Eds.), Morphology. An international handbook on inflection and word-formation, Berlin & New York: de Gruyter, 2, 1016-1031.
HASPELMATH, Martin (2010), “Comparative concepts and descriptive categories in crosslinguistic studies, «Language», 86 (3), 663-687.
HASPELMATH, Martin and Oda BUCHHOLZ (1998), “Equative and similative constructions in the languages of Europe”, in Johan VAN DER AUWERA (Ed.), Adverbial constructions in the languages of Europe. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 277- 334. (Empirical Approaches to Language Typology/EUROTYP, 20-3.)
HEIDER, Fritz (1958), The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: John Wiley & Sons (trad. it. di M. Baccianini: Psicologia delle relazioni interpersonali. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1972).
HENKELMANN, Peter (2006), “Constructions of equative comparison”, «Sprachtypologie und Universlien Forschung (STUF)», 59 (4), 370-398.
HJELMSLEV, Louis Trolle (1943), Omkring sprogteoriens grundlaeggelse. Copenhagen, Akademisk forlag (trad. it.: I fondamenti della teoria del linguaggio. Introduzione di Giulio C. Lepschy. Torino: Einaudi, 1968).
HOLYOAK, Keith J. and Paul THAGARD (1995), Mental Leaps. Analogy in Creative Thought. Cambridge (Mass.): The MIT Press.
HOLYOAK, Keith J. (1985), “The pragmatics of analogical transfer”, in Gordon H. BOWER (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation. New York: Academic Press, 1974, vol. 19, 59-87.
HOLZBERG, Niklas (2002), The Ancient Fable: An Introduction, translated by Christine Jackson-Holzberg. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
JAMESON, Jason and Dedre GENTNER (2008), “Causal status and explanatory goodness in categorization” in Bradley LOVE, Ken MCRAE, and Vladimir SLOUTSKY (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society, 291-296.
KEANE, Mark (1985), “On drawing analogies when solving problems: A theory and test of solution generation in an analogical problem solving task”, «British Journal of Psychology», 76, 449-458.
KEANE, Mark T. (1988), Analogical problem solving. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood (New York: Wiley).
KELLEY, Harold H. (1950), “The Warm-Cold Variable in First Impression of Persons”, «Journal of Personality», 18, 431-439.
KLEIBER, Georges (1990), La sémantique du prototype. Catégories et sens lexical. Paris: PUF.
KRETCH, David, Richard S. CRUTCHFIELD and Egerton L. BALLACHEY (1962), Individual in Society: a Textbook of Social Psychology. New York: Mc Graw-Hill Book Company (trad. it. di A. M. Asprea: Individuo e società. Firenze: Giunti Barbera, 1970).
KRIPKE, Saul (1972), “Naming and Necessity” in Donald DAVIDSON and Gilbert HARMAN (Eds.), Semantics of Natural Language. Dordrecht: Reidel, 253-355, 763- 769.
KRIPKE, Saul (1980), Naming and necessity. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press.
LAKOFF, George and Mark JOHNSON (1980), Metaphors We Live By. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press.
LAUSBERG, Heinrich (1967), Elemente der literarischen Rhetorik. München: Max Hueber (trad.it. di L. Ritter Santini: Elementi di retorica. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1969).
LEPORE, Lorella and Rupert BROWN (1997), “Category and Stereotype Activation: Is Prejudice Inevitable?”, «Journal of Personality and Social Psychology», 72 (2), 275- 287.
LEPSCHY, Giulio (2006), “Semantica: le strutture” in Alessandro LAUDANNA e Miriam VOGHERA (a cura di), Il linguaggio. Strutture linguistiche e processi cognitivi. Roma & Bari: Laterza, 170-188.
LEVI-STRAUSS, Claude (1962), La pensée sauvage. Paris: Plon (trad.it. di Paolo Caruso: Il pensiero selvaggio. Milano: Mondadori, 1990).
MAASS, Anne and Luciano ARCURI, L. (1996), “Language and stereotyping” in C. Neil MACRAE, Charles STANGOR and Miles HEWSTONE (Eds.), Stereotypes and stereotyping. New York: Guilford, 193-226.
MAGNANI, Lorenzo (2009), Abductive Cognition. The Epistemological and Eco- Cognitive Dimensions of Hypothetical Reasoning. Heidelberg & Berlin: Springer.
MAGNANI, Lorenzo (1997), Ingegnerie della conoscenza. Milano: Marcos y Marcos.
MANNONI, Pierre (1998), Les représentations sociales. Paris: PUF. [Citato in GALLI 2006, 71]
MARCONI, Diego (1995), “Filosofia del linguaggio” in Paolo ROSSI (a cura di), La filosofia. Vol. I: Le filosofie speciali. Torino: UTET, 365-460.
MCGARTY, Craig (2002), “Stereotype formation as category formation” in Craig MCGARTY, Vincent Y. YZERBYT and Russel SPEARS (Eds.), Stereotypes as explanations: The formation of meaningful beliefs about social groups. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 16-37.
MCGARTY, Craig (2002), Categorization in social psychology. London: Thousand Oaks & New Delhi, Sage Publications, Inc.
MCGARTY, Craig, Vincent Y. YZERBYT and Russel SPEARS (2002a), “Social, cultural and cognitive factors in stereotype formation” in Craig MCGARTY, Vincent Y. YZERBYT and Russel SPEARS (Eds.), Stereotypes as explanations: The formation of meaningful beliefs about social groups. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1- 15.
MCGARTY, Craig, Vincent Y. YZERBYT and Russel SPEARS (Eds.) (2002b), Stereotypes as explanations: The formation of meaningful beliefs about social groups. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
MEDIN, Douglas L. and Scott ATRAN (1999), Folkbiology. Cambridge (MA): Cambridge University Press.
MINNAMEIER, Gerhard (2010a), “The logicality of abduction, deduction, and induction” in Matt BERGMAN, Samo PAAVOLA, Ahti-Veikko PIETARINEN, Henrik RYDENFELT (Eds.), Ideas in Action: Proceedings of the Applying Peirce Conference. Helsinki: Nordic Pragmatism Network, 239-251.
MINNAMEIER, Gerhard (2010b), “Abduction, induction, and analogy – On the compound character of analogical inferences” in Lorenzo MAGNANI, Walter CARNIELLI, Claudio PIZZI (Eds.), Model-based reasoning in science and technology: Abduction, logic, and computational discovery. Heidelberg & Berlin: Springer, 107-119.
MORTARA GARAVELLI, Bice (1989), Manuale di retorica. Milano: Bompiani.
MOSCOVICI, Serge (1961, 1976), La psychanalyse, son image et son public. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
MOSCOVICI, Serge (1984), “The phenomenon of social representations” in Robert M. FARR and Serge MOSCOVICI (Eds.), Social Representations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
NERSESSIAN, Nancy J. (1984), Faraday to Einstein: Constructing meaning in scientific theories. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Nijhoff.
OPERARIO, Din and Susan T. FISKE (2001), “Causes and Consequences of Stereotypes in Organizations” in Manuel LONDON (Ed.), How People Evaluate Others in Organizations. Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum, 45-62.
PEETERS, Bert (2000), “Setting the scene: Some recent milestones in the lexicon-encyclopedia”, in Bert PEETERS (Ed.), The lexiconencyclopedia interface. Amsterdam, Lausanne, New York, Oxford, Shannon, Singapore & Tokyo: Elsevier, 1-52.
PEIRCE, Charles Sanders (1931-1958), Collected Papers. Ed. by Charles HARTSHORNE, Paul WEISS and Arthur W. BURKS. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press.
PEIRCE, Charles Sanders (1980), Semiotica. I fondamenti della semiotica cognitiva. Trad. it. di Massimo A. BONFANTINI, Letizia GRASSI e Roberto GRAZIA. Einaudi: Torino.
PÉPIN, Jean (2005 [1970]), “Allegoria” in Enciclopedia Dantesca. Vol. 5 (A-Au). Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia italiana, 230-253.
PERELMAN, Chaïm and Lucie OLBRECHTS-TYTECA (1958), Traité de l’argumentation. La nouvelle rhétorique. Paris: PUF.
PICE, Nicola (2003), La similitudine nel poema epico: Omero, Apollonio Rodio, Virgilio, Ovidio, Lucano, Valerio Flacco, Stazio. Con un saggio di Giovanni Cipriani. Bari: Edipuglia.
PINTO, Immacolata (2008 [ma 2010]), “Sineddochi, metonimie e metafore”, «AION. Sezione Linguistica», 30-1, 63-86.
PÖSCHL, Viktor (1988), “Simbolistica, critica” in Virgilio: enciclopedia virgiliana. Vol. 4 (Pe-S). Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 862-865.
PRANDI, Michele (2004), The Building Blocks of Meaning Ideas for a philosophical grammar. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: Benjamins.
PRANDI, Michele (2008), “La metafora tra conflitto e coerenza: interazione, sostituzione, proiezione”, in Claudia CASADIO (a cura di), Vie della metafora: linguistica, filosofia, psicologia. Sulmona: Prime Vie, 9-52.
PUTNAM, Hilary (1975), Mind, language and reality. Philosophical papers. 2nd vol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 215-271.
PUTZU, Ignazio (2000), Il soprannome. Per uno studio multidisciplinare della nominazione. Cagliari: CUEC.
SCHENK, Josef (19904), “Stereotipo” in Wilhelm ARNOLD, Hans Jürgen EYSENCK and Richard MEILI (Eds.), Dizionario di Psicologia. Torino: Edizioni Paoline, 1133-1134 (ed. or.: Lexikon der Psychologie. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder KG, n.e.).
SOLETTI, Elisabetta (1996a), “Allegoria” in Gian Luigi BECCARIA (a cura di), Dizionario a di linguistica e di filologia, metrica, retorica. 2 ediz. Torino: Einaudi, 37-38.
SOLETTI, Elisabetta (1996b), “Simbolo” in Gian Luigi BECCARIA (a cura di), Dizionario a di linguistica e di filologia, metrica, retorica. 2 ediz. Torino: Einaudi, 659-660.
TESNIÈRE, Lucien (1959), Éléments de syntaxe structural. Paris: Klincksieck.
TOULMIN, Stephen E. (1958), The Uses of Argument. London: Cambridge University Press.
TWENEY, Ryan D. (1991), “Faraday’s notebooks: the active organization of creative science”, «Physics Education», 26 (5), 301-306.
VAN DIJK, Gert-Jan (1997), Ainoi, Logoi, Mythoi: Fables in Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic Greek. Leiden & Boston: Brill Academic Publishers.
VIOLI, Patrizia (1997), Significato ed esperienza. Milano: Bompiani.
WHEELER, S. Christian and Richard E. PETTY (2001), “The Effects of Stereotype Activation on Behavior: A Review of Possible Mechanisms”, «Psychological Bulletin», 127 (6), 797-826. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
WOLFF, Phillip and Dedre GENTNER (2011), “Structure-Mapping in Metaphor Comprehension”, «Cognitive Science», 35, 1456-1488
ZHARIKOV, Sergey S. and Dedre GENTNER (2002), “Why do metaphors seem deeper than similes?” in Wayne D. GRAY and Christian D. SCHUNN (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Fairfax, VA: George Mason University, 976-981.
Published
2013-12-31
How to Cite
Putzu, I. (2013). Locus a simili: l’allegoria metaforica tra modelli analogici e pragmatica del linguaggio. Rhesis. International Journal of Linguistics, Philology and Literature, 4(2), 9-29. https://doi.org/10.13125/rhesis/5536
Section
Articoli
