Ricœur and Ortega y Gasset
Where Does Metaphor Come into Play? From Word to Example as Figures of Understanding
Abstract
This paper examines the place of metaphor within philosophical and hermeneutical thought, focusing on the contributions of José Ortega y Gasset and Paul Ricoeur. Through a comparative reading of Las dos grandes metáforas and La métaphore vive, it argues that metaphor should not be regarded as a rhetorical ornament, but rather as a constitutive operation of human understanding. The study traces the shift of metaphor’s location—from the word and the sentence to discourse—in order to highlight its cognitive and ontological tension as a means of opening new modes of access to truth. Finally, it proposes an expansion of metaphor beyond language, by considering exemplarity as a form of lived metaphor that connects hermeneutical reflection with practical life, within the horizon of a renewed philosophical anthropology.
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