Crossborder indigenous mobility in the context of Venezuelan migration flow in Brazil. A Human Rights-Based Approach to the Pemon case
Parole chiave:
Organizzazioni non-governative, Popoli indigeni, Frontiere, Migranti, Diritti umani
Abstract
Gli scontri tra alcune comunità indigene e l’esercito del Venezuela al confine con il Brasile hanno causato lo spostamento dei Pemon nei territori indigeni brasiliani, dove condividono legami etnici e familiari. Le soluzioni proposte finora dalle istituzioni non sono state sufficienti a prevenire lo sviluppo di violazioni dei diritti umani e, al contrario, spesso sono state una fonte di destabilizzazione interna. Ad oggi, è necessaria un’alternativa per il caso delle popolazioni indigene divise dalle frontiere nazionali, poiché è dovere dei governi rispettare la loro autonomia territoriale e promuovere lo sviluppo di un ambiente sicuro e prospero. Tuttavia, la legislazione che riguarda i gruppi indigeni transfrontalieri è ancora oggi poco chiara. Un approccio basato sui diritti umani può essere un punto di partenza, ma è di fondamentale importanza che i popoli indigeni siano in grado di coordinare un dialogo tra di loro, le organizzazioni internazionali e i governi nazionali.
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Andrello, Geraldo. 1993. “Os Taurepang: migrações e profetismo no século XX.” PhD diss., Dissertação de Mestrado, UNICAMP.
Bull, Benedicte, and Antulio Rosales. 2020. “The Crisis in Venezuela: Drivers, Transitions, and Pathways.” European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies / Revista Europea de Estudios Latinoamericanos y Del Caribe, no. 109, 1–20. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26936900.
Burks, Roger. 2019. “Indigenous people from Venezuela seek safety across the border in Brazil,” https://www.unhcr.org/news/stories/indigenous-people-venezuela-seeksafety-across-border-brazil.
Butt Colson, Audrey. 1985. “Routes of knowledge: an aspect of regional integration in the circumRoraima area of Guiana Highlands.” Antropologica, nos. 63-64, 103–149.
De la Cadena, Marisol. 2010. Ecologies of practice accross andean worlds. Durham NC: Duke University Press.
De la Cadena, Marisol. 2015. Earth Beings: Ecologies of Practice across Andean Worlds. Durham; Londres: Duke University Press.
Fernandez Liesa, Carlos R. 2018. “Cultura Derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y derechos de los pueblos indígenas.” Tiempo de paz 131:23–30.
Fox, Jonathan. 2005. “Unpacking Transnational citizenship.” Annual Review Political Science, no. 8, 171–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.7.012003.104851.
Gardner, Jeffrey A., and Sarah D. Warren. 2023. “Indigenous borders: contesting the nation-state belonging and racialization.” Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies
19 (1): 1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/17442222.2023.2275515.
Giraldo, Eduardo. 2011. “La frontera invisible del territorio Wayúu.” Transpasando fronteras 1:53–64.
Giraldo, Eduardo. 2016. “Les Guajiro ethnie binationale transfrontalière ou nation amérindienne sans frontières?” Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4000/nuevomundo.69718.
Gow, Peter. 1995. “Land, People, and paper in western Amazonia Hirsch E.,” in The anthropology of landscape: perspectives on place and space, edited by Eric Hirsch and
Micheal O’Hanlon, 43–63. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Mondardo, Marcos. 2021. “The struggle for the ancestral continental territory of the transboundary Guarani people in South America.” Estudios fronterizos 22. https://doi.org/10.21670/ref.2113076.
Moreira, Elaine, and Marcelo Torelly. 2020. Soluções duradouras para Indigenas migrantes e refugiados no contexto do fluxo venezuelano no Brasil. Brasilia: Organização Internacional para as migrações (OIM).
Morillo Ramos, Morelia, and Eva van Roekel. 2022. “Economías inflamables en tiempos de COVID-19: La reventa de gasolina en la frontera de Venezuela–Brasil.” The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology 27 (1-2): 37–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/jlca.12591.
Public Health, Harvard School of, Human Rights the Gender, and Culture Branch of the UNFPA Technical Division. 2010. A Human Rights–Based Approach to Programming: Practical Implementation Manual and Training Materials, Program on International Health and Human Rights.
Ramìrez, Maria. 2019. “Indigenous Pemon on Venezuela’s border with Brazil vow to let aid in.” Reuters (September). https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN1PY0MR/.
Rangel González, Raúl. 2018. “Autonomías indígenas: algunas experiencias a nivel internacional.” Tiempo de paz 131:48–59.
Rivière, Peter. 1984. Individual and society in Guiana - A comparative study of Amerindian social organization. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Rodrigues-Garavito, César A., and Luis Carlos Arenas. 2005. “Indigenous Rights, Transnational Activism, and Legal Mobilization: the Struggle of the U’wa People in Colombia.” In Law and Globalization from Below: Towards a Cosmopolitan Legality, edited by Boaventura de Sousa Santos and César A. Rodrigues-Garavito, 241–266. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.
Rodríguez, Francisco. 2023. “How Sanctions Contributed to Venezuela’s Economic Collapse.” Global Americans (September). https://theglobalamericans.org/2023/01/how- sanctions- contributed- to-venezuelas-economiccollapse/.
Thomas, David John. 1982. Order Without Government: The Society of the Pemon Indians of Venezuela. University of Illinois Press.
Van den Berg, Stephanie, and Vivian Sequera. 2023. “World Court orders Venezuela to refrain from action in border dispute with Guyana.” Reuters (January). https://www. reuters .com/world/americas/world-court-orders-venezuela-refrain-action-border-dispute-with-guyana-2023-12-01/.
Yamada, Erika, and Marcelo Torelly. 2019. Legal Aspects of assisting Venezuelan migrants in Brazil. Brasilia: International Organization for Migration (IOM).
Pubblicato
2023-10-31
Come citare
Grieco, G. (2023). Crossborder indigenous mobility in the context of Venezuelan migration flow in Brazil. A Human Rights-Based Approach to the Pemon case. América Crítica, 7(1), 9-19. https://doi.org/10.13125/americacritica/5914
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Copyright (c) 2023 Gabriele Grieco
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