The oligarchic state and indigenous nations in neoliberal Peru
Keywords:
Indigenous peoples, nature/culture, territoriality, Buen Vivir, Amazonia.
Abstract
The article presents an overview of the ethical foundations of indigenous territoriality and the nature/culture relationship that underpin the socio-biological life of Indigenous Peoples in contrast to the claim of universality of the Western theory of knowledge, which claims a single epistemology and which is econocentric, monetised, marketised. It is also insufficient to explain the complexity of most of the knowledge systems and practices of indigenous peoples in the Americas. This paper thus proposes an epistemological paradigm shift and an ethical shift that allows us to recognise the legitimacy of indigenous peoples’ argument for an ethical order of Buen Vivir/Sumak Kawsay/Kametsa Asaike based on a deeper and more spiritual understanding of humanity’s place in the cosmic order.
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References
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Braudel, Fernand. 1993. A History of Civilizations. Nueva York: Penguin Books.
Brysk, Alison. 2000. From Tribal Village to Global Village: Indian Rights and International Relations in Latin America. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Chase Smith, Richard. 2002. “Los indígenas amazónicos suben al escenario internacional”. En Lo transnacional. Instrumento y desafío para los pueblos indígenas, editado por Françoise Morin y Roberto Santana, 203-242. Quito: Abya Yala.
Chase Smith, Richard. 2006. “Where our Ancestors Once Tread: Amuesha Territoriality and Sacred Landscape in the Andean Amazon of Central Peru”. En Étre Indien dans les Amériques. Spoliations et résistence, editado por Christian Gros y Marie Claude Stigler, 69-84. París: Institut des Amériques/IHEAL-CREDAL/Université Paris III.
Chirif, Alberto. 2009. No es tiempo para permanecer callados. https://www.servindi.org/actualidad/opinion/12683.
Chirif, Alberto, y Pedro García Hierro. 2008. “Peruvian Amazon. Indigenous Organizations: Challenges and Achievements”. Indigenous Affairs 3-4:36-47.
Delgado, Guillermo. s.f. “Imagin/ing Border Indigeneity: Two Notes on Decolonization and S/P/L/ace (Manuscrito inédito)”.
García Hierro, Pedro. 2002. Pueblos Indígenas de América Latina: Retos para el Nuevo Milenio (Presentación Multimedia, CD). Lima.
Gualina, José. 2005. “Declaratoria de Kausak Sacha-Selva Viviente (Territorio Sagrado, Patrimonio de la Biodiversidad y Cultura Kichwa en Ecuador)”. Ecología Política: Cuadernos de Debate Internacional 29:168-174.
Gurvitch, George. 1971. The Social Frameworks of Knowledge. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Heidegger, Martin. 1966. Discourse on Thinking. Nueva York: Harper Row.
Ingold, Tim. 1990. “An anthropologist looks at biology”. Man 25 (208-229).
Lathrap, Donald. 1970. The upper Amazon: Ancient Peoples and Place. New York: Preaeger.
Leenhardt, Maurice. 1979 [1937]. Leenhardt, Maurice. Do Kamo: Person and Myth in the Melanesian World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1963. Structural Anthropology. Nueva York: Basic Books.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1966. The Savage Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien. 1923. The Primitive Mentality. Boston: Beacon Press.
Luhmann, Niklas. 1984. “The Differentiation of Advances in Knowledge: The Genesis of Science”. En Society and Knowledge. Contemporary Perspectives in the Sociology of Knowledge, editado por Nico Stehr y Meja Volker, 103-148. New Brunswick/Londres: Transaction Books.
Mann, Charles. 2011. 1491: New Revelations of the Americas before Columbus. Nueva York: Vintage.
Parsons, Talcott. 1951. The Social System. London: Routledge.
Peat, David F. 2005 [1995]. Blackfoot Physics. A Journey into the Native American Universe. Boston: Weiser Books.
Peat, David F. 2014 [1987]. Synchronicity. The Marriage of Matter and Psyche. Pari: Pari Publishing.
Polanyi, Karl. 2001 [1944]. The Great Tranformation. The Political and Economic Origins of Our Times. Boston: Beacon Press.
Prakash, Gyan. 1994. “Subaltern Studies as Postcolonial Criticism”. American Historical Review 99 (5): 1475-1490. https://doi.org/10.2307/2168385.
Rostow, Walt W. 1960. The Stages of Economic Growth. A Non-Communist Manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Santos Granero, Fernando. 2005. “Writing history into the Ladscape: Yanesha Notions of Space and Territoriality”. En The Land Within. Indigenous Territory and the Perception of Environment, editado por Alexandre Surrallés y Pedro García Hierro, 170-197. Copenhague: IWGIA.
Varese, Stefano. 2011 [1973]. La sal de los cerros. 5a. La Habana: Casa de las Américas.
Varese, Stefano, y Moisés Gamarra. 1976. “Deux versions cosmogonique campa: esquisse analytique”. Annales. Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations 31 (3): 469-480.
Viteri, Franco. 2003. “Sumac Kausai: una respuesta viable al desarrollo”. Tesis de maestría.
Published
2021-12-31
How to Cite
Varese, S. (2021). The oligarchic state and indigenous nations in neoliberal Peru. América Crítica, 5(2), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.13125/americacritica/4940
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Section
Other Nations
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