Ontology and ontologies. Theoretical, political, and methodological debates
Abstract
The investigation of the self, of what exists, and of the ontological properties of the cosmos is nothing new in the history of anthropology. In the last two decades, however, the discipline has undertaken an “ontological turn.” This perspective focuses on how different societies define the entities that inhabit the world and the relationships between them. The ontological turn is built upon the critiques of the Great Divide (nature/culture), and on Western naturalism as the modern dominant ontology. It is also a reaction to the linguistic turn that began to dominate in the 1980s. In this paper we present the most salient traditions of the ontological turn (the English, French, and North American), highlighting differences and similarities between them.
Downloads
I dati di download non sono ancora disponibili
Riferimenti bibliografici
Alberti, Benjamin, Fowles, Severin, Holbraad, Martin, Marshall, Yvonne and Christopher Witmore. 2011. “‘Worlds Other- wise’: Archaeology, Anthropology, and Ontological Difference.” Current Anthropology 52(6): 896-912.https://doi.org/ 10.1086/662027.
Bessire, Lucas and David Bond. 2014. “Ontological Anthropology and the Deferral of Critique.” American Ethnologist 41(3): 440-456.https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12083.
Blaser, Mario. 2009. “Political Ontology. Cultural Studies without ‘Cultures’?” Cultural Studies 23(5-6): 873-896.https://doi. org/10.1080/09502380903208023.
Blaser, Mario. 2010. Storytelling Globalization from the Chaco and Beyond. London: Duke University Press.
Blaser, Mario. 2013. “Ontological Conflicts and the Stories of Peoples in Spite of Europe. Toward a Conversation on Political Ontology.” Current Anthropology 54(5): 547-568.https://doi.org/10.1086/672270.
Blaser, Mario. 2016. “Is Another Cosmopolitics Possible?” Cultural Anthropology 31(4): 545–570.https://doi.org/10.14506/ca31.4.05.
Blaser, Mario. 2019. “Reflexiones sobre la ontología política de los conflictos medioambientales”. América Crítica 3(2): 63-79. https://doi.org/10.13125/americacritica/3991.
Charbonnier, Pierre, Salmon, Gildas and Peter Skafish. 2017. Comparative metaphysics. Ontology after anthropology. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield.
Danowski, Deborah and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. 2012. “L’arrêt de monde”. In De l’univers clos au monde infini, edited by Emilie Hache, 221-339. Paris: Dehors.
de la Cadena, Marisol. 2010. “Indigenous Cosmopolitics in the Andes: Conceptual Reflections Beyond ‘Politics’.” Cultural Anthropology 25(2): 334-370.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2010.01061.x.
de la Cadena, Marisol. 2015. Earth Beings: Ecologies of Practice across Andean Worlds. Durham: Duke University Press.
Descola, Philippe. 1986. La nature domestique. Symbolisme et praxis dans l’écologie des Achuar. Paris: Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.
Descola, Philippe. 2005. Par-delà nature et culture. Paris: Gallimard.
Descola, Philippe. 2013. “A antropologia da natureza de Philippe Descola. Entrevista.” Topoi 14(27): 492-514.http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/2237-101X014027013.
Descola, Philippe. 2014a. “The Difficult Art of Composing Worlds (and of Replying to Objections).” Hau: Journal of Ethno- graphic theory 4(3): 431-443.https://doi.org/10.14318/hau4. 3.030.
Descola, Philippe. 2014b. La composition des mondes. Entretiens avec Pierre Charbonnier. Paris: Flammarion.
Descola, Philippe. 2014c. “Modes of Being and Forms of Predication.” Hau: Journal of Ethnographic theory 4(1): 271- 280.https://doi.org/10.14318/hau4.1.012.
Descola, Philippe and Tim Ingold. 2014. Être au monde: quelle ex- périence commune? Lyon: Presse Universitaire de Lyon.
Di Giminiani, Piergiorgio. 2013. “The Contested rewe: Sacred Sites, Misunderstandings, and Ontological Pluralism in Mapuche Land Negotiations.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 19(3): 527-544.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655. 12048.
Escobar, Arturo. 1997. “Anthropology and development.” International Social Sciences Journal 49(154): 497-515.https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1468-2451.1997.tb00040.x.
Escobar, Arturo. 2014. Sentipensar con la tierra. Nuevas lecturas sobre desarrollo, territorio y diferencia. Medellín: Ediciones Unaula.
Harris, Oliver and John Robb. 2012. “Multiple Ontologies and the Problem of the Body in History.” American Anthropologist 114(4): 668-679.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2012.01513.x.
Holbraad, Martin. 2007. “The Power of Powder: Multiplicity and Motion in the Divinatory Cosmology of Cuban Ifá (or mana, again).” In Thinking Through Things. Theorising Artefacts Ethnographically, edited by Amira Henare, Martin Holbraad, and Sari Wastell, 189-225, Londres: Routledge.
Holbraad, Martin. 2010. “Against the Motion (2).” In “Ontology Is Just Another Word for Culture: Motion Tabled at the 2008 Meeting of the Group for Debates in Anthropological Theory, University of Manchester.” Critique of Anthropology 30(2): 179-185.https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0308275X09364070.
Holbraad, Martin. 2012. Truth in Motion: The Recursive Anthropology of Cuban Divination. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Holbraad, Martin. 2013. “Turning a Corner: Preamble for ‘The Relative Native’ by Eduardo Viveiros de Castro.” Hau: Jour- nal of Ethnographic theory 3(3): 469-470.https://doi.org/10.14318/hau3.3.032.
Holbraad, Martin and Pedersen, Morten. 2017. The Ontological Turn. An Anthropological Exposition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Holbraad, Martin, Pedersen, Morten and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. 2014. “The Politics of Ontology: Anthropological Positions.” Cultural Anthropology website. http://culanth.org/fieldsights/462-the-poli-tics-of-ontology-anthropological-positions.
Ingold, Tim. 1992. “Editorial.” Man 27(4): 693-696.
Ingold, Tim. 2000. The Perception of the Environment. Essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill. Londres: Routledge.
Keck, Frédéric, Regehr, Ursula and Saskia Walentowitz. 2015. “Anthropologie: le tournant ontologique en action. Introduction.” Tsantsa 20: 4-11.
Kohn, Eduardo. 2012. “Proposal 1: Anthropology beyond the Human.” Cambridge Anthropology 30(2): 136-146.https://doi. org/10.3167/ca.2012.300209.
Kohn, Eduardo. 2015. “Anthropology of Ontologies.” Annual Re- view of Anthropology 44: 311-327.https://doi.org/10.1146/ annurev-anthro-102214-014127.
Latour, Bruno. 1991. Nous n’avons jamais été modernes. Essais d’anthropologie symétrique. Paris: Editions La Découverte.
Latour, Bruno. 2004a. “Which Cosmos, which cosmopolitics?: Comments on the Peace Terms of Ulrich Beck.” Common Knowledge 10(3): 450-462.
Latour, Bruno. 2004b. Politiques de la nature. Comment faire entrer les sciences en démocratie. Paris: Editions La Découverte.
Latour, Bruno. 2007. “Turning Around Politics: A Note on Gerard de Vries’ Paper.” Social Studies of Science 37(5): 811- 820.https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0306312707081222.
Latour, Bruno. 2011. “Perspectivismo: «tipo» ou «bomba».” Primeiros estudos (1): 173-178.
Latour, Bruno. 2015. Face à Gaïa. Huit conférences sur le Nouveau Régime Climatique. Paris: Editions La Découverte.
Law, John and Marianne Lien. 2018. “Denaturalizing Nature”. In A World of Many Worlds, edited by Marisol de la Cadena and Mario Blaser, 131-171, Durham: Duke University Press.
Legoas, Jorge, de la Cadena, Marisol and Stephen Wyatt. 2012. “Cosmopolitiques, territoires, autochtones des Amériques”. Recherches Amérindiennes au Québec 42(2-3): 2-163.
Maniglier, Patrice. 2015. “Dionysos anthropologue (Hommage à Eduardo Viveiros de Castro).” Coloquio Em Torno do Pen- samento de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, São Paulo, Brasil, 28 october 2015.
Pickering, Andrew. 2017. “The Ontological Turn: Taking Different Worlds Seriously.” Social Analysis 61: 134-150.
Poirier, Sylvie. 2008. “Reflections on Indigenous Cosmopolitics—Poetics.” Anthropologica 50(1): 75-85.
Povinelli, Elizabeth. 2001. “Radical Worlds: the Anthropology of Incommensurability and Conceivability.” Annual Review of Anthropology 30: 319-334.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev. anthro.30.1.319.
Salmon, Gildas. 2017. “On Ontological Delegation: The Birth of Neoclassical Anthropology.” In Comparative metaphysics. Ontology after Anthropology, edited by Pierre Charbonnier, Gildas Salmon and Peter Skafish, 41-60, Lanham: Rowman Littlefield.
Salmon, Gildas and Pierre Charbonnier. 2014. “The Two Ontological Pluralisms of French Anthropology.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 20(3): 567-573.https://doi.org/10. 1111/1467-9655.12123.
Seeger, Anthony, da Matta, Roberto and Eduardo Viveiros de Cas- tro. 1979. “A construção da pessoa nas sociedades indígenas brasileiras.” Boletim do Museu Nacional 32: 2-19.
Stengers, Isabelle. 2005. “The Cosmopolitical Proposal.” In Making Things Public: Atmospheres of Democracy. Bruno Latour and Peter Weibel, 994-1003, Cambridge: MIT Press. Strathern, Marilyn.
Strathern, Marilyn. 1988. The Gender of the Gift. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Strathern, Marilyn. 2004. Partial Connections. Nueva York: Altamira Press.
Tola, Florencia and Celeste Medrano. 2020. “When histories and ontologies compose multiples worlds. The past among the Toba people of the Argentinean Chaco.” América Crítica 4(1): 25-34. https://doi.org/10.13125/americacritica/3999.
Venkatesan, Soumhya. 2010. “Ontology Is Just Another Word for Culture: Motion Tabled at the 2008 Meeting of the Group for Debates in Anthropological Theory, University of Manchester.” Critique of Anthropology 30(2): 152-200.https://doi. org/10.1177%2F0308275X09364070.
Vigh, Henrik Erdman and David Brehm Sausdal. 2014. “From Essence Back to Existence: Anthropology Beyond the On- tological turn.” Anthropological Theory 14(1): 49-73.https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1463499614524401.
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 1992. From the Enemy Point of View. Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 1996. “Os pronomes cosmológicos e o perspectivismo ameríndio.” Mana 2(2): 115-144.https://doi. org/10.1590/S0104-93131996000200005.
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 2004. “Perspectival Anthropology and the Method of Controlled Equivocation.” Tipití, Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of the Lowland South America 2(1): 3-22.
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 2009. Métaphysiques cannibales. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 2015. The Relative Native. Essays on Indigenous Conceptual Worlds. Chicago: HAU Books.
Wagner, Roy. 1972. Habu: The Innovation of Meaning in Daribi Religion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Willerslev, Rane. 2016. “Foreword. The Anthropology of Ontology Meets the Writing Culture Debate — Is Reconciliation Possible?” Social Analysis 60(1): V-X.https://doi.org/10.3167/sa. 2016.600101.
Bessire, Lucas and David Bond. 2014. “Ontological Anthropology and the Deferral of Critique.” American Ethnologist 41(3): 440-456.https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12083.
Blaser, Mario. 2009. “Political Ontology. Cultural Studies without ‘Cultures’?” Cultural Studies 23(5-6): 873-896.https://doi. org/10.1080/09502380903208023.
Blaser, Mario. 2010. Storytelling Globalization from the Chaco and Beyond. London: Duke University Press.
Blaser, Mario. 2013. “Ontological Conflicts and the Stories of Peoples in Spite of Europe. Toward a Conversation on Political Ontology.” Current Anthropology 54(5): 547-568.https://doi.org/10.1086/672270.
Blaser, Mario. 2016. “Is Another Cosmopolitics Possible?” Cultural Anthropology 31(4): 545–570.https://doi.org/10.14506/ca31.4.05.
Blaser, Mario. 2019. “Reflexiones sobre la ontología política de los conflictos medioambientales”. América Crítica 3(2): 63-79. https://doi.org/10.13125/americacritica/3991.
Charbonnier, Pierre, Salmon, Gildas and Peter Skafish. 2017. Comparative metaphysics. Ontology after anthropology. Lanham: Rowman Littlefield.
Danowski, Deborah and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. 2012. “L’arrêt de monde”. In De l’univers clos au monde infini, edited by Emilie Hache, 221-339. Paris: Dehors.
de la Cadena, Marisol. 2010. “Indigenous Cosmopolitics in the Andes: Conceptual Reflections Beyond ‘Politics’.” Cultural Anthropology 25(2): 334-370.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1360.2010.01061.x.
de la Cadena, Marisol. 2015. Earth Beings: Ecologies of Practice across Andean Worlds. Durham: Duke University Press.
Descola, Philippe. 1986. La nature domestique. Symbolisme et praxis dans l’écologie des Achuar. Paris: Maison des Sciences de l’Homme.
Descola, Philippe. 2005. Par-delà nature et culture. Paris: Gallimard.
Descola, Philippe. 2013. “A antropologia da natureza de Philippe Descola. Entrevista.” Topoi 14(27): 492-514.http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/2237-101X014027013.
Descola, Philippe. 2014a. “The Difficult Art of Composing Worlds (and of Replying to Objections).” Hau: Journal of Ethno- graphic theory 4(3): 431-443.https://doi.org/10.14318/hau4. 3.030.
Descola, Philippe. 2014b. La composition des mondes. Entretiens avec Pierre Charbonnier. Paris: Flammarion.
Descola, Philippe. 2014c. “Modes of Being and Forms of Predication.” Hau: Journal of Ethnographic theory 4(1): 271- 280.https://doi.org/10.14318/hau4.1.012.
Descola, Philippe and Tim Ingold. 2014. Être au monde: quelle ex- périence commune? Lyon: Presse Universitaire de Lyon.
Di Giminiani, Piergiorgio. 2013. “The Contested rewe: Sacred Sites, Misunderstandings, and Ontological Pluralism in Mapuche Land Negotiations.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 19(3): 527-544.https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9655. 12048.
Escobar, Arturo. 1997. “Anthropology and development.” International Social Sciences Journal 49(154): 497-515.https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1468-2451.1997.tb00040.x.
Escobar, Arturo. 2014. Sentipensar con la tierra. Nuevas lecturas sobre desarrollo, territorio y diferencia. Medellín: Ediciones Unaula.
Harris, Oliver and John Robb. 2012. “Multiple Ontologies and the Problem of the Body in History.” American Anthropologist 114(4): 668-679.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2012.01513.x.
Holbraad, Martin. 2007. “The Power of Powder: Multiplicity and Motion in the Divinatory Cosmology of Cuban Ifá (or mana, again).” In Thinking Through Things. Theorising Artefacts Ethnographically, edited by Amira Henare, Martin Holbraad, and Sari Wastell, 189-225, Londres: Routledge.
Holbraad, Martin. 2010. “Against the Motion (2).” In “Ontology Is Just Another Word for Culture: Motion Tabled at the 2008 Meeting of the Group for Debates in Anthropological Theory, University of Manchester.” Critique of Anthropology 30(2): 179-185.https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0308275X09364070.
Holbraad, Martin. 2012. Truth in Motion: The Recursive Anthropology of Cuban Divination. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Holbraad, Martin. 2013. “Turning a Corner: Preamble for ‘The Relative Native’ by Eduardo Viveiros de Castro.” Hau: Jour- nal of Ethnographic theory 3(3): 469-470.https://doi.org/10.14318/hau3.3.032.
Holbraad, Martin and Pedersen, Morten. 2017. The Ontological Turn. An Anthropological Exposition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Holbraad, Martin, Pedersen, Morten and Eduardo Viveiros de Castro. 2014. “The Politics of Ontology: Anthropological Positions.” Cultural Anthropology website. http://culanth.org/fieldsights/462-the-poli-tics-of-ontology-anthropological-positions.
Ingold, Tim. 1992. “Editorial.” Man 27(4): 693-696.
Ingold, Tim. 2000. The Perception of the Environment. Essays on livelihood, dwelling and skill. Londres: Routledge.
Keck, Frédéric, Regehr, Ursula and Saskia Walentowitz. 2015. “Anthropologie: le tournant ontologique en action. Introduction.” Tsantsa 20: 4-11.
Kohn, Eduardo. 2012. “Proposal 1: Anthropology beyond the Human.” Cambridge Anthropology 30(2): 136-146.https://doi. org/10.3167/ca.2012.300209.
Kohn, Eduardo. 2015. “Anthropology of Ontologies.” Annual Re- view of Anthropology 44: 311-327.https://doi.org/10.1146/ annurev-anthro-102214-014127.
Latour, Bruno. 1991. Nous n’avons jamais été modernes. Essais d’anthropologie symétrique. Paris: Editions La Découverte.
Latour, Bruno. 2004a. “Which Cosmos, which cosmopolitics?: Comments on the Peace Terms of Ulrich Beck.” Common Knowledge 10(3): 450-462.
Latour, Bruno. 2004b. Politiques de la nature. Comment faire entrer les sciences en démocratie. Paris: Editions La Découverte.
Latour, Bruno. 2007. “Turning Around Politics: A Note on Gerard de Vries’ Paper.” Social Studies of Science 37(5): 811- 820.https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0306312707081222.
Latour, Bruno. 2011. “Perspectivismo: «tipo» ou «bomba».” Primeiros estudos (1): 173-178.
Latour, Bruno. 2015. Face à Gaïa. Huit conférences sur le Nouveau Régime Climatique. Paris: Editions La Découverte.
Law, John and Marianne Lien. 2018. “Denaturalizing Nature”. In A World of Many Worlds, edited by Marisol de la Cadena and Mario Blaser, 131-171, Durham: Duke University Press.
Legoas, Jorge, de la Cadena, Marisol and Stephen Wyatt. 2012. “Cosmopolitiques, territoires, autochtones des Amériques”. Recherches Amérindiennes au Québec 42(2-3): 2-163.
Maniglier, Patrice. 2015. “Dionysos anthropologue (Hommage à Eduardo Viveiros de Castro).” Coloquio Em Torno do Pen- samento de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, São Paulo, Brasil, 28 october 2015.
Pickering, Andrew. 2017. “The Ontological Turn: Taking Different Worlds Seriously.” Social Analysis 61: 134-150.
Poirier, Sylvie. 2008. “Reflections on Indigenous Cosmopolitics—Poetics.” Anthropologica 50(1): 75-85.
Povinelli, Elizabeth. 2001. “Radical Worlds: the Anthropology of Incommensurability and Conceivability.” Annual Review of Anthropology 30: 319-334.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev. anthro.30.1.319.
Salmon, Gildas. 2017. “On Ontological Delegation: The Birth of Neoclassical Anthropology.” In Comparative metaphysics. Ontology after Anthropology, edited by Pierre Charbonnier, Gildas Salmon and Peter Skafish, 41-60, Lanham: Rowman Littlefield.
Salmon, Gildas and Pierre Charbonnier. 2014. “The Two Ontological Pluralisms of French Anthropology.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 20(3): 567-573.https://doi.org/10. 1111/1467-9655.12123.
Seeger, Anthony, da Matta, Roberto and Eduardo Viveiros de Cas- tro. 1979. “A construção da pessoa nas sociedades indígenas brasileiras.” Boletim do Museu Nacional 32: 2-19.
Stengers, Isabelle. 2005. “The Cosmopolitical Proposal.” In Making Things Public: Atmospheres of Democracy. Bruno Latour and Peter Weibel, 994-1003, Cambridge: MIT Press. Strathern, Marilyn.
Strathern, Marilyn. 1988. The Gender of the Gift. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Strathern, Marilyn. 2004. Partial Connections. Nueva York: Altamira Press.
Tola, Florencia and Celeste Medrano. 2020. “When histories and ontologies compose multiples worlds. The past among the Toba people of the Argentinean Chaco.” América Crítica 4(1): 25-34. https://doi.org/10.13125/americacritica/3999.
Venkatesan, Soumhya. 2010. “Ontology Is Just Another Word for Culture: Motion Tabled at the 2008 Meeting of the Group for Debates in Anthropological Theory, University of Manchester.” Critique of Anthropology 30(2): 152-200.https://doi. org/10.1177%2F0308275X09364070.
Vigh, Henrik Erdman and David Brehm Sausdal. 2014. “From Essence Back to Existence: Anthropology Beyond the On- tological turn.” Anthropological Theory 14(1): 49-73.https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1463499614524401.
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 1992. From the Enemy Point of View. Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 1996. “Os pronomes cosmológicos e o perspectivismo ameríndio.” Mana 2(2): 115-144.https://doi. org/10.1590/S0104-93131996000200005.
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 2004. “Perspectival Anthropology and the Method of Controlled Equivocation.” Tipití, Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of the Lowland South America 2(1): 3-22.
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 2009. Métaphysiques cannibales. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 2015. The Relative Native. Essays on Indigenous Conceptual Worlds. Chicago: HAU Books.
Wagner, Roy. 1972. Habu: The Innovation of Meaning in Daribi Religion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Willerslev, Rane. 2016. “Foreword. The Anthropology of Ontology Meets the Writing Culture Debate — Is Reconciliation Possible?” Social Analysis 60(1): V-X.https://doi.org/10.3167/sa. 2016.600101.
Pubblicato
2020-12-29
Come citare
Tola, F., & dos Santos, A. (2020). Ontology and ontologies. Theoretical, political, and methodological debates. América Crítica, 4(2), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.13125/americacritica/4478
Fascicolo
Sezione
Articoli
Copyright (c) 2020 Florencia Tola, Antonela dos Santos
Questo lavoro è fornito con la licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione - Non commerciale 4.0 Internazionale.
Gli autori che pubblicano su questa rivista accettano le seguenti condizioni:
- Gli autori mantengono i diritti sulla loro opera e cedono alla rivista il diritto di prima pubblicazione dell'opera, contemporaneamente licenziata sotto una Licenza Creative Commons - Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0) che permette ad altri di condividere l'opera indicando la paternità intellettuale e la prima pubblicazione su questa rivista.
- Gli autori possono aderire ad altri accordi di licenza non esclusiva per la distribuzione della versione dell'opera pubblicata (es. depositarla in un archivio istituzionale o pubblicarla in una monografia), a patto di indicare che la prima pubblicazione è avvenuta su questa rivista.
- Gli autori possono diffondere la loro opera online (es. in repository istituzionali o nel loro sito web) prima e durante il processo di submission, poichè può portare a scambi produttivi e aumentare le citazioni dell'opera pubblicata (Vedi The Effect of Open Access).
